Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 1

MC mechanism for horizontal gene transfer

Answer 1

Conjugation -via plasmids

Transformation MC for penicillin G in pneumococci & meningococci

Question 2

Bacteriophages are involved in which type of gene transfer

Answer 2

Transduction

Question 3

Fosfomycin

• MOA
• drugs
• Spectrum
• use

Answer 3

/Fosfidomycin

• MOA - inhibitor of EPT (analogues of PEP)
• Gram negative (as G6P transporter is required)
• UTI (safe in preg)

Question 4

Cycloserine

• MOA
• Spectrum
• use
• a/e

Answer 4

• inhibits alanine racemase and ligase
• gram negative bacteria
• use - 2nd line anti tubercular
• a/e- neuropsychiatric (seizures, psychosis, peri neuro)

Question 5

Bacitracin

• MOA
• use
• a/e

Answer 5

inhibits lipid transporter
-local use (GIT) - pseudomembranous colitis, Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
-Topical use- Skin infection, MRSA
a/e - Nephrotoxic, BM suppression

Question 6

Vancomycin

• MOA
• Spectrum
• use
• a/e

Answer 6

• Blocks D-alanine from forming cross links
• Poor oral absorption.
• Gram positive (as its a large molecule)
• IV DOC - MRSA, E. faecium, Ampicillin resistant E. faecalis.

-Oral DOC - Pseudomembranous colitis >Fidaxomycin, Rifaximin

a/e -Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Red man syndrome

Question 7

Bezlotoxumab

Answer 7

anticlostridial difficile toxin B antibody

Question 8

Actozumab

Answer 8

anticlostridial difficile toxin A antibody

Question 9

Glycopeptides for soft tissue infections by MRSA

Answer 9

Teicoplanin, Dalbavancin (long acting), Telavancin, Oritavancin (bactericidal)

Question 10

Acid resistant penicillins (VODKA)

Answer 10

V- penicillin V
O- Oxacillin
D- Dicloxacillin
K- Cloxacillin
A- Amox/Ampicillin

Question 11

DOC in Rheumatic fever and syphilis

Answer 11

Benzathine Penicillin

Neurosyphilis - Aqueous penicillin G

Question 12

Activate efflux pumps as resistance

Answer 12

Beta lactams, Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones

Question 13

NDM-1 Beta lactamase

• resistant to
• Rx

Answer 13

• r/t- Beta lactams/FQs, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol.

- Rx- Tigecycline, Colistin

Question 14

Sulbactam used with

-Rx

Answer 14

Ampicillin

Rx - Acinetobacter

Question 15

Avibactam used with

-use

Answer 15

Ceftazidime

-use- UTI, complicated abdominal infections, Carbapenamase producing organisms.

Question 16

Vaborbactam used with

Answer 16

Meropenem (non-suicidal)

Question 17

Relebactam used with

Answer 17

Imipenem + cilastatin (RECARBRIO)

Question 18

Nafcillin

• use
• a/e

Answer 18

Most active PRP (other than to staph)

a/e - Neutropenia

Question 19

Methicillin a/e

Answer 19

Interstitial nephritis

Question 20

Cefazolin

-use

Answer 20

1st gen - IV

DOC surgical prophylaxis

Question 21

Cefotetan

-use

Answer 21

2nd gen
Most effective against anaerobic infections
-used in colorectal surgeries

Question 22

3rd gen Anti pseudomonals

Answer 22

DOC Ceftazidime

Cefoperazone

Question 23

Ceftolozane

Answer 23

derivative of ceftazidime

Question 24

Ceftriaxone
use- PTM GOKE
a/e

Answer 24

3rd gen
P - providencia
T- typhoid
M- meningitis
G- gonorrhea DOC
O- Osteomyelitis
K- Klebsiella
E-E.coli 

a/e - thrombocytopenia, pseudolithiasis, kernicterus

Question 25

Ceftazidime a/e

Answer 25

Meliodosis

Febrile Neutropenia

Question 26

4th gen
use
a/e

Answer 26

cefepime, cefpirome
use- pseudomonas, enterobacter
a/e - encephalopathy, renal failure.

Question 27

5th gen

use

Answer 27

Ceftaroline, ceftobiprole

-MRSA

Question 28

Carbapenems

use - SEEA

Answer 28

Gram +, -, anaerobic
DOC:
Serratia
ESBL producing organisms
Enterobacter
Acinetobacter

Question 29

Aztreonam

Answer 29

Gram - infections in penicillin allergy

Question 30

Methylthiotetrazole
a/e
drugs- Ma Ta P M

Answer 30

• Hypothrombinemia, Disulfiram reaction

- Cefamandole, Cefotetan, Cefoperazone, Moxalactam

Question 31

Cephalosporins safe in renal failure

Answer 31

Cefoperazone
Cefpiramide
Ceftriaxone

Question 32

VRSA pneumonia

Answer 32

DOC Linezolid

VRSA DOC- Daptomycin