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Pharmacology > Cell Wall Synthesis II > Flashcards

Cell Wall Synthesis II Flashcards

1
Q

Ceftriaxone

Admin
Metabolism
Probenecid

A
  1. Admin:
    Not admin with
    Ca2+ containing
    solutions
  2. Metabolism:
    40% hepatic
    metabolism
  3. Probenecid:
    Not affected by
    Probenecid
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2
Q

Cephalosporins 3rd generation CI?

A

CI in hyperbilirubinemia neonates
(Premature infants)
Jaundice

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3
Q

Cephalosporins 4th generation resistance?

A

B-lactamase resistant

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4
Q

Cephalosporins DI-3?

A

-Cephalosporins & aminoglycosides in the same container may chemically inactivate each other

-Ceftriaxone not admin at same time as Ca2+-containng solutions(48hrs)

-Alcohol-Cefamandole

-Warfarin

-Combined oral contraceptives

-Probenecid

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5
Q

Cephalosporins S/E-6?

A
  1. Nephrotoxicity (Aminoglycosides or vancomycin)
  2. Neurotoxicty
  3. Cross Hypersensitivity
  4. Alcohol Intolerance’s
  5. ↓ Oral contraceptives efficacy
  6. Phlebitis (IV)
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6
Q

Which cephalosporins causes nephrotoxicity?

A

minoglycosides or vancomycin

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7
Q

Carbapenems drugs?

A

I-MED

Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem

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8
Q

Meropem BBB?

A

Cross BBB ∴ Treats bacterial meningitis (CSF)

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9
Q

Ertapenem

  1. Admin:
  2. Spectrum
  3. DOA
A
  1. Admin:
    IM/IV
  2. Spectrum:
    Narrow Spectrum
  3. DOA
    Long-acting(1
    daily dose)
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10
Q

Carbapenems Caution/CI?

A
  1. Allergy
  2. CNS Disorders/seizures
  3. Renal impairement
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11
Q

Monobactams

  1. Drug
  2. B-lactamases
  3. Cross sensitivity/penicillin
  4. Admin
A
  1. Drug:
    Aztreonam
  2. B-lactamases:
    Stability to many B-lactamases
  3. Cross sensitivity/penicillin:
    No cross sensitivity with penicillins or cephalosporins thus can be used in penicillin allergic patients
  4. Admin:
    IM/IV
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12
Q

Monobactams S/E?

A
  1. Drug induced eosinophilia ( ↑ eosinophils)
  2. Rarely toxic epidermal necrolysis
  3. Injection site reactions
  4. Rash
  5. GIT S/E
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13
Q

Glycopeptides

  1. Drug
  2. Admin & exceptions
  3. Indications
  4. MOA
A
  1. Drug:
    Vancomycin & Teicoplanin
  2. Admin:
    IV except for pseudomembranous oolitic-orally
  3. Indications:
    Reserved for life-threatening infections-methicillin-resistant Staph. Aureus(MRSA)
  4. MOA
    Inhibits transglycosylation between side chains-peptidoglycan cross-linkages do not form ∴ weakens bacterial cell wall
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14
Q

Glycopeptides S/E?

A
  1. Red-man syndrome-Rapid transfusion-Histamine release
  2. Ototoxicty & Nephrotoxicity
  3. Fever & skin rashes
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15
Q

Glycopeptides DI?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
    Ototoxic &
    nephrotoxic
    drugs
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16
Q

Glycopeptides Cautions & CI?

A
  1. Renal impairment
  2. Elderly & neonates
  3. Hearing abnormalities
  4. Pregnancy
17
Q

Teicoplanin MOA

A

Inhibits transglycosylation between side chains

Peptidoglycan cross-linkages do not form ∴ weakens bacterial cell wall

18
Q

Teicoplanin difference with vancomycin?

A

Decreases incidence of red-man syndrome

19
Q

Teicoplanin S/E?

A

-Allergy
-Cross sensitivity with vancomycin

20
Q

Fosfomycin MOA?

A

Inhibits early stage in bacterial cell wall synthesis

Interferes with formation of building blocks

21
Q

Fosfomycin admission time?

A

Empty stomach or 2-3hrs after meal

22
Q

Fosfomycin I?

A

Treats lower UTIs in women and girls>5yrs

23
Q

Fosfomycin resistance?

A

-Limited
-Inadequate transport of drug into cell

24
Q

Fosfomycin S/E?

A

-GIT disturbances
-Skin rashes

25
Q

Imipenem

-Adjunct medication?
-S/E

A

-Adjunct medication:
Imipenem + Cilastatin (enzyme inhibitor that blocks renal metabolism)

-S/E:
-Red Urine in children
-Seizures(

26
Q

Fosfomycin DI?

A

Metoclopramide (↑ gut motility ∴
not enough time for fosfomycin absorption)

27
Q

Amoxicillins drug choice for?

A

Otitis media
Sinusitis lower RTI

28
Q

Amoxicillins prophylaxis?

A

Prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis

29
Q

Which bacteria is resistant to all cephalosporins?

A

Enterococci

30
Q

Ceftaroline prodrug

A

Ceftaroline prodrug metabolised by plasma phosphatase

31
Q

Imipenem I?

A

Severe nosocomial infections

32
Q

Which penicillin was most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosama?

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin

Pipercillin + Tazobactam

33
Q

Ceftaroline prodrug

A

Ceftaroline prodrug metabolised by plasma phosphatase

34
Q

Ceftaroline prodrug

A

Ceftaroline prodrug metabolised by plasma phosphatase

35
Q

Imipenem I?

A

Severe nosocomial infections

Pharmacology (44 decks)

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