BANN 1. Natural penicillins: Penicillin G & V 2. B-lactamase resistant 3. Broad spectrums penicillins 4. Antipseudomonal Penicillins

1. Penicillins 2. Cephalosporins 3. Carbapenems 4. Monobactams

Cell Wall Synthesis I Flashcards by Lethibe Mokgwadi

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors fxn?

Inhibit cell wall synthesis is one of the most common modes of action for antibiotics. By inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, the growth of bacteria is prevented. These bacteria will be subjected to osmotic lysis.

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New

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors classes?

YOYO

Don’t make the same mistake

BBPF

B-latactams
Peptide
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin

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Penicillins drugs?

BANN

Natural penicillins: Penicillin G & V
B-lactamase resistant
Broad spectrums penicillins
Antipseudomonal Penicillins

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B-lactam drugs-4?

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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Natural Penicillin drugs?

Penicillin G
Penicillin V

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Natural Penicillin

-Spectrum
-B-lactam sensitivity

-Narrow spectrum
-B-lactamase sensitive

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B-lactam MOA?

Inhibit transpeptidase enzyme

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Penicillin G synonym

Benzylpenicillin

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Penicillin G indications AND admin?

-Infective endocarditis syphilis
-Syphillis

Admin: IM/IV

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Penicillin G prophylaxis-3?

SRS

-Streptococcal infections
-Rheumatic fever
-Surgical or dental procedures on patients with valvular heart disorders

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Penicilin G line oof therapy and why

The initial line of therapy for serious infections after resolved then switch to Penicillin V.

Penicillin G has increased S/E and very potent

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Penicillin V synonym?

Phenomethyl-penicillin

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Penicillin V

-Admin
-Effectiveness against Penicillin G
-Follow up treatment

-Oral
-2-4 times less active than Penicillin G
-Follow up antibiotic treatment after serious infections responded well to Penicillin G

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B-lactamase resistant penicilin drugs-3?

-Cloxacillin
-Flucloxacillin
-Methicillin

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B-lactamase resistant penicilin
-Effectiveness
-Treatment

-Slightly less active than Pen G
-Treatment of mild B-lactamase-positive staph. infections

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Antipseudomonal penicillin drugs?

-Piperacillin
-Tazobactam(B-lactamase inhibitor)

Tazobactam?

B-lactamase inhibitor

Given adjunct with Piperacillin

Antipseudomonal penicillin most active against?

Most active against P.aerugunosa

Antipseudomonal penicillin synergistic action?

Acts synergistically with aminoglycosides for empiric treatment of serious Pseudomonas infections

Broad spectrum penicillins

Broad spectrum penicillins/Aminopenicillins chemical structure to make it better absorbed?

Amino side-chain is hydrophilic

Makes it easier for them to penetrate through the other membrane of Gram -ve bacteria

Broad spectrum penicillins/Aminopenicillins drugs and sensitivity ?

Amoxicillin & Ampicillin

They are B-lactamase resistant and thus have to be taken with an additional drug

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

Ampicillin +Cloxacillin

Amoxicillin

-Adjunct drug/Combination name
-Trade name
-B-lactamase resistant

-Adjunct drug/ Combination name:
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid=Co-amoxiclax

-Trade name:
Augmentin

-B-lactamase resistant:
B-lactamase resistant

Clavulanic acid mOA and bacterial activity?

Clavulanic acid binds to B-lactamase enzyme and prevents the degradation of amoxicillin

Thus, no antibacterial activity

Ampicillin +Cloxacillin?

-Has extended spectrum -Cloxacillin is just B-lactamase resistant. It does not actually protect against the degradation of B-lactamase for Ampicillin

Penicillins S/E-6?

PENCILLIN -Agranulocytosis( ↓ WBC) -Convulsions ( @↑ doses of Pen G) -Anaphylactic shock (Hypersensitivity reactions) -Bleeding( ↓ platelet aggregation) (Pen G & Piperacillin) -↓ Efficacy of combined oral contraceptives -Cholestatic hepatitis & Jaundice(Fluxloxacillin & Clavulanic acid)

Which drug causes bleeding for penicillins?

Pen G & Piperacillin

Which drug causes cholestatic hepatitis & jaundice for penicillins?

Flucloxacillin & Clavulanic acid

Penicillin DI-4?

-Probenecid(↑ t1/2 of penicillin) -Aminoglycosides + Penicillins=Should not be adminstered in the same syringe, infusion or IV line as they deactiavte each other -Allopurinol (Skin rash) -Combined oral contraceptives-Penicillin ↑ oestrogen levels ∴ Pregnancy

Penicillin pharmacokinetics-5?

-Extended action of Pen G -Inflammation ( ↑ penetration into CSF and synovial fluid) -Probenecid(↑ t1/2) -↑ doses, conc above MIC -Depot formulation via IM injection(Procaine & Benzathine

Penicillin CI-4?

-Allergic patients -↓ renal function ∴ toxicity: -Elderly & Neonates -Porphyria (Flucloxacillin) -Co-amoxiclav excreted in breast milk ∴ caution during lactation

Penicillin Mechanism of resistance?

1. B-lactamase production(Penicillinase)-hydrolysis of B-lactam ring ∴ inactivation 2. Absence of a cell wall 3. Mutations 4. ↓ Membrane Permeability 5. Lack of autolysins 6. Altered penicillin binding proteins 7. Metabolically inactive bacteria

Cephalosporins -Derivative -Chemical structure -Stability

-Derivative: Semi-synthetic antibiotics-derived from penicillins but synthesized in the lab -Chemical structure: Contain a B-lactam ring. If a patient is allergic to penicillins then they are likely to be allergic to cephalosporins -Stability: ↑ stability against B-lactamases compared to penicillins

Cephalosporins mechanisms of resistance-5?

1. B-lactamase production(Cephalosporins ) 2. ↓ Permeability 3. No cell wall 4. Bacteria do not grow 5. Alterations in binding proteins

Cephalosporins classes of drugs

ZoRoTaPi 1. Zolidroxin Cefalexin Cefadroxil Cefazolin 2. Roxitinmandole Cefuroxime Cefoxitin Cefamandole Cefprozil 3. Taxixone Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone 4. Piropime Cefepime Cefpirome 5. Ceftaroline

Which bacteria do cephalosporins treat?

-Gram +ve only -Strep & Staph

Cefamandole S/E?

-Disulfiram-like reactions -↑ acetaldehyde ∴ alcohol intolerance

Cephalosporins 3rd generation and CNS?

-Crosses BBB -Penetrates CSF easily Thus, can treat meningeal infection