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Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase

Narrow spectrum natural penicilin. IV

ADV. rash, fever, anaphylaxis. potentiation of anticoagulat effcts of warfarin. Jarisch-herxheimer reaction when trating syphilis.

  • Streptococcus penumonia *, pyogenes, viridans
  • Bacillus antracis
  • Corynebacterum diphteriae
  • Neisseria gonorrhoes
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • clastridium perfringens
  • treponema pallidium (syphillis), pertenue (yaws)
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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase

Narrow spectrum natural penicilin. ORAL

ADV. rash, fever, anaphylaxis. potentiation of anticoagulat effcts of warfarin. Jarisch-herxheimer reaction when trating syphilis.

Streptococcus penumonia \*, pyogenes, viridans
 Bacillus antracis
 Corynebacterum diphteriae
 Neisseria gonorrhoes
 Neisseria meningitidis
 clastridium perfringens
 treponema pallidium (syphillis), pertenue (yaws)
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3
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria. Amino group positive charge enables diffusion thru porins on gram neg.

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase [given in combo with cluvalanic acid]

ORAL

ADV: rash, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea

TX. uncomplicated ear, nose, throat, and resp infections. prophylactic dentistry.

  • Enterococci (Grm +)
  • Listeria monocytogenes (+)
  • escheriachia coli (-)
  • h. influenzae (-)
  • proteus mirabilis (-)
  • salmonella typhi (-)
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4
Q

Ampicillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria. Amino group positive charge enables diffusion thru porins on gram neg.

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase [combination form with sulbactam]

ADV: rash (macupapular -esp. with mono), nauseam vomitting, diarrhea

  • ** Enterococci (Grm +)**
  • ** Listeria monocytogenes (+)**
  • escheriachia coli (-)
  • h. influenzae (-)
  • proteus mirabilis (-)
  • salmonella typhi (-)
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5
Q

Oxacillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

anti-staphylococal penicilin with beta.lactamse resistance [not excreted thru kidney]

ADV. diarrhea, neausea, vomitting. hepatitis

TX. skin and soft tissue infections, systemic infections with beta.lactamse producing bateria

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6
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

anti-staphylococal penicilin with beta.lactamse resistance (not excreted thru kidney)

ADV. diarrhea, neausea, vomitting pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

TX. skin and soft tissue infections, systemic infections with beta.lactamse producing bateria

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7
Q

Nafcillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

anti-staphylococal penicilin with beta.lactamse resistance (not excreted thru kidney)

ADV. diarrhea, neausea, vomitting. interstitial nephritis, phlebitis.

TX. skin and soft tissue infections, systemic infections with beta.lactamse producing bateria

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8
Q

Methicillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

anti-staphylococal penicilin with beta.lactamse resistance

ADV. diarrhea, neausea, vomitting. TOXIC. only used to identify strain of S.Aureus! (MSSA)

TX. skin and soft tissue infections, systemic infections with beta.lactamse producing bateria

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9
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Indanyl Carbenicillin

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase

TX. anti-pseudomonal. hospital aquired pneumonia due to resistant gram ne. (except klebsiella with inherent penicillinas activity)

ADV. rash, nausea, vomitting, dairrhea

    enterobacter spp (-)
     escherichia coli (-)
     proteus mirabilis (-)
     proteus (indole pos)
     H. in fluenzae (-)
**_    pseudomonas aeruginosa (-)_**
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10
Q

Piperacillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase [combo with tazobactam]

TX. anti-pseudomonal. (most potent), hospital aquired pneumonia due to resistant gram ne. (except klebsiella with inherent penicillinas activity)

ADV. rash, nausea, vomitting, dairrhea

  • enterobacter spp (-)
  • escherichia coli (-)
  • proteus mirabilis (-)
  • proteus (indole pos)
  • H. in fluenzae (-)
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa (-)
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11
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

Resistance: production of b-lactamase or penicillinase

TX. anti-pseudomonal. (most potent), hospital aquired pneumonia due to resistant gram ne. (except klebsiella with inherent penicillinas activity)

ADV. rash, nausea, vomitting, dairrhea

    enterobacter spp (-)
     escherichia coli (-)
     proteus mirabilis (-)
     proteus (indole pos)
     H. in fluenzae (-)
**_    pseudomonas aeruginosa (-)_**
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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

Cephalosporin 1st Generation

penicillin G substitutes. skin and soft tissue infections. surgical prophylaxis (crosses bone in orthopedic surgery).

resistant to staphylococaal penicillinase (covers MSSA).

TX. PEcK. proteus mirabilis, E.Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

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13
Q

Cephalexin

A

Cephalosporin 1st Generation

penicillin G substitutes. skin and soft tissue infections. surgical prophylaxis (crosses bone in orthopedic surgery).

resistant to staphylococaal penicillinase (covers MSSA).

TX. PEcK. proteus mirabilis, E.Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

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14
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

broader gram neg coverage, more b.lactamase resistance.

TX. community aquired pneumonia (H. influenzae)

ADV.

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15
Q

Cefotetan

A

Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

broader gram neg coverage, more b.lactamase resistance.

TX> intrabdominal and pelvic inflammations

ADV. may cause **disulfiram like ** reactions and block Vit K coagualtions factoris

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16
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Cephalosporin 2nd Generation

broader gram neg coverage, more b.lactamase resistance.

TX. intrabdominal and pelvic inflammations

17
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

highest CNS penetration, resistant to many B.lactamases,

TX. enterobacteriacea, more active gram - (less against +). Meningitis.

18
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

highest CNS penetration, resistant to many B.lactamases,

TX. enterobacteriacea, more active gram - (less against +). Meningitis.

ADV. may cause cholestatic hepatitis

19
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

highest CNS penetration, resistant to many B.lactamases,

TX. enterobacteriacea, more active gram - (less against +). Meningitis.

20
Q

Cefdinir

A

Cephalosporin 3rd Generation

highest CNS penetration, resistant to many B.lactamases,

TX. enterobacteriacea, more active gram - (less against +). Meningitis.

21
Q

Cefepime

A

Cephalosporin 4th generation

IV.

TX. broad spectrum

ADV may produce erythrocyte autoantibodies without significant hemolysis

22
Q

Ceftaroline

A

Cephalosporing 5th Generation

IV

active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

ADV. may cause drug-induced hemolytic anemia

23
Q

Ceftobiprole

A

Cephalosporing 5th Generation

IV

active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

ADV. may cause drug-induced hemolytic anemia

24
Q

Cloxacillin

A

Bacteriostatic (cidal in growing cultures) Beta-lactoam antibiotic. selectively interfere with cell wall synthesis of bacteria: targeting penicillin binding protein AND autolysin activity degrading enzymes produced by bacteria

anti-staphylococal penicilin with beta.lactamse resistance

ADV. diarrhea, neausea, vomitting pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

TX. skin and soft tissue infections, systemic infections with beta.lactamse producing bateria

25
Q

Imipenem

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic. Carbapenem

combo with cilastatin which inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I which would otherwise inactivate imipenem.

ADV. seizures.

26
Q

Meropenem

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic. Carbapenem

ADV. seizures

27
Q

Doripenem

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic. Carbapenem

28
Q

Ertapenem

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic. Carbapenem

NOT effective against pseudomonas or acinetobacter

29
Q

Aztreonam

A

monobactam. Beta-lactam antibiotic.

IM or IV (renal excretion)

TX. gram neg rods, patients with penicillin allergies

ADV. disulfiram like

30
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

beta lactamse suicide inhibitor (no inherent antibacterial activity)

coadministered with amoxicillin and ticarcillin

31
Q

Sulbactam

A

beta lactamse suicide inhibitor (no inherent antibacterial activity)

coadministered with ampicillin

32
Q

Tazobactam

A

beta lactamse suicide inhibitor (no inherent antibacterial activity)

coadministered with piperacillin

33
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binds D-ala-D-ala side chain of pentapeptide inhibitong elongation of bacterial cell wall (not a Lactam)

Topical, slow IV

TX. MRSA, MRSE and enterococci (gram +)

ADV. red man syndrome and shock. fever, chills, phlebitis at infusion site, nephrotoxicity, hearing loss.

34
Q

Daptomycin

A

binds to baterial cytoplasmic membrane and induces reapid depolarization. bacteriacidal

TX> gram pos (S. Aureus)

ADV. hepatotoxic

35
Q

Bacitracin

A

inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenyl disphosphate

topical, oral

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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