Antibacterial Agents (incomplete)

Question 1

Drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

Penicillins, cephalosporin, imipenem/meropenem, aztreonam, vancomycin

Question 2

drugs that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 2

aminoglucosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines, streptogramins, linezolid

Question 3

drugs that inhibit nucleic synthesis

Answer 3

fluoroquinolones, rifampin

Question 4

drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis

Answer 4

sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine

Question 5

drug resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin

Answer 5

.Production of beta-lactamases which cleave the beta-lactam ring structure
.mutation in penicillin binding proteins
.mutation in porins

Question 6

drug resistance aminoglycosides

Answer 6

formation of enzymes to inactivate drug (conjugation of acetyl acetyl, phosphoryl or adenylyl group)

Question 7

drug resistance to macrolides and clindamycin

Answer 7

formation of methyltrasferases to alter drug binding sites on 50s ribosomal subunit
active TX out of cell

Question 8

drug resistance to tetracyclines

Answer 8

increased active trasfer out pp

Question 9

drug resistance to sulfonamides

Answer 9

mutation to desensitize to level of inhibitioon by target anzyme
increase formation PABA
use of exogenous folic acids

Question 10

drug resistance fluoroquinolones

Answer 10

mutation to desensitize to level of inhibitioon by target anzyme
increase drug efflux pps

Question 11

drug resistance to chloramphenicol

Answer 11

formation of inactivating acetyltransferases

Question 12

Penicillin

Answer 12

bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.
inhibit transpeptidation reaction final cross linking of cell wall.

enhanced in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam)

synergy with aminoglycosides against pseudomonal and enterococcal species.

antagonised by tetracyclines.

renal elimination active tubular secretion (blocked by probenecid) (with exceptions)

ADV. Hypersensitivity I thru IV. urticarial skin rash - anaphylaxis.

Question 13

Penicillin G

Answer 13

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

benzathine penicillin G - repository form. t1/2 2weeks.

narrow spectrum: beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, treponema pillidum

Question 14

Penicillin V

Answer 14

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

narrow spectrum: beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, treponema pillidum

Question 15

Nafcillin

Answer 15

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

eliminated thru bile

very narrow spectrum: beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. staphylococci (not MRSA)

Question 16

Methicillin

Answer 16

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

very narrow spectrum: beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. staphylococci (not MRSA)

Question 17

Oxacillin

Answer 17

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

eliminated thru bile

very narrow spectrum: beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. staphylococci (not MRSA)

Question 18

Ampicillin

Answer 18

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

enterohepatic cycling, ecreted thru kidney

Broad spectrum: aminopenicillins, beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. Gram+ cocci (not staph), E.Coli, H. influenzae, listeria monocytogenes.

Question 19

Amoxicillin

Answer 19

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Broad spectrum: aminopenicillins, beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. Gram+ cocci (not staph), E.Coli, H. influenzae, borrelia burgdorferi, H. pylori.

Question 20

Ticardillin

Answer 20

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

extended spectrum: antipseudomonal, beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. increased activity against gram– rods including pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 21

Piperacillin

Answer 21

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

extended spectrum: antipseudomonal, beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. increased activity against gram– rods including pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 22

Azlocillin

Answer 22

Penicillin subtyep. bactericidal. inhibit cell wall synthesis.

extended spectrum: antipseudomonal, beta-lactamase sensitive

TX. increased activity against gram– rods including pseudomonas aeruginosa