Cell Wall Flashcards
Murein layer is composed of?
- __________
- __________
- ___________
- NAG
- NAM
- Short chains of amino acids
Cell wall synthesis proceeds in three phases…
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- Murein layer synthesis
- Polymerization
- Crosslinking
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine: UDP-NAG is step 1 in?
Murein layer synthesis
Remember anything that is creating NAM or NAG is a part of?
Murein layer synthesis
By transfer of UDP-NAM-peptide to the phospholipid carrier Bactoprenol Phosphate (BP). You are in what phase of cell wall synthesis?
Polymerization
What removes phosphate from BP-diphosphate
Dephosphorylase
What catalyzes the polymerization of the growing peptidoglycan polymer.
Transglycosylase
Transpeptidases are seen in which phase?
Crosslinking
The number and type of crosslinks give the cell wall its…?
Characteristic shape
Which of these three antibiotics contribute to treat tuberculosis?
A. Penicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin
B. Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isonaizid
C. Cephalosporin, Erythromycin, Paromomycin
D. Puromycin, murpricin, tobramycin
B. Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid
Beta lactams bind to?
transpeptidases
What are the four classes of β-lactam antibiotics?
A. Cephalosporin, Erythromycin, Paromomycin, Carbapenem
B. Puromycin, murpricin, Penicillins, tobramycin
C. Penicillins; Cephalosporins;
Monobactams and Carbapenem
D. Penicillins, Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isonaizid
C. Penicillins; Cephalosporins;
Monobactams and Carbapenem
What circumvents Beta lactamases?
Carbapenems
Which antibiotic represents a significant threat to public health?
Carbapenems
Fosfomycin is used for treatments of _________? and in combination with tobramycin to treat______________?
urinary tract infections; lung infections
Fosfomycin covalently binds to the active side of ____?
MurA
Which antibiotic interferes with an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of two enzymes, L-alanine racemase and D alanine.
Cycloserine
Antibiotic for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis
Cycloserine
What are the inhibitors of the murein monomer synthesis
Fosfomycin and Cycloserine
Inhibitors of the translocation and polymerization steps in cell wall synthesis
Bacitracin and Vancomycin
Vancomycin binds to the pentapeptides and prevents
transglycosylation step during peptidoglycan polymerization.
Bacitracin binds to ________?
Bactoprenol (BP)
The only available monobactam is ?
Aztreonam
Which beta lactam has several generations?
Cephalosporins
The β-lactam irreversibly binds to the ______ residue of the transpeptidase’s active site
Ser403
