Cell Wall

Question 1

Murein layer is composed of?

1. __________
2. __________
3. ___________

Answer 1

1. NAG
2. NAM
3. Short chains of amino acids

Question 2

Cell wall synthesis proceeds in three phases…

1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________

Answer 2

1. Murein layer synthesis
2. Polymerization
3. Crosslinking

Question 3

Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine: UDP-NAG is step 1 in?

Answer 3

Murein layer synthesis

Question 4

Remember anything that is creating NAM or NAG is a part of?

Answer 4

Murein layer synthesis

Question 5

By transfer of UDP-NAM-peptide to the phospholipid carrier Bactoprenol Phosphate (BP). You are in what phase of cell wall synthesis?

Answer 5

Polymerization

Question 6

What removes phosphate from BP-diphosphate

Answer 6

Dephosphorylase

Question 7

What catalyzes the polymerization of the growing peptidoglycan polymer.

Answer 7

Transglycosylase

Question 8

Transpeptidases are seen in which phase?

Answer 8

Crosslinking

Question 9

The number and type of crosslinks give the cell wall its…?

Answer 9

Characteristic shape

Question 10

Which of these three antibiotics contribute to treat tuberculosis?

A. Penicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin
B. Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isonaizid
C. Cephalosporin, Erythromycin, Paromomycin
D. Puromycin, murpricin, tobramycin

Answer 10

B. Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid

Question 11

Beta lactams bind to?

Answer 11

transpeptidases

Question 12

What are the four classes of β-lactam antibiotics?

A. Cephalosporin, Erythromycin, Paromomycin, Carbapenem
B. Puromycin, murpricin, Penicillins, tobramycin
C. Penicillins; Cephalosporins;
Monobactams and Carbapenem
D. Penicillins, Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isonaizid

Answer 12

C. Penicillins; Cephalosporins;

Monobactams and Carbapenem

Question 13

What circumvents Beta lactamases?

Answer 13

Carbapenems

Question 14

Which antibiotic represents a significant threat to public health?

Answer 14

Carbapenems

Question 15

Fosfomycin is used for treatments of _________? and in combination with tobramycin to treat______________?

Answer 15

urinary tract infections; lung infections

Question 16

Fosfomycin covalently binds to the active side of ____?

Answer 16

MurA

Question 17

Which antibiotic interferes with an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of two enzymes, L-alanine racemase and D alanine.

Answer 17

Cycloserine

Question 18

Antibiotic for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis

Answer 18

Cycloserine

Question 19

What are the inhibitors of the murein monomer synthesis

Answer 19

Fosfomycin and Cycloserine

Question 20

Inhibitors of the translocation and polymerization steps in cell wall synthesis

Answer 20

Bacitracin and Vancomycin

Question 21

Vancomycin binds to the pentapeptides and prevents

Answer 21

transglycosylation step during peptidoglycan polymerization.

Question 22

Bacitracin binds to ________?

Answer 22

Bactoprenol (BP)

Question 23

The only available monobactam is ?

Answer 23

Aztreonam

Question 24

Which beta lactam has several generations?

Answer 24

Cephalosporins

Question 25

The β-lactam irreversibly binds to the ______ residue of the transpeptidase’s active site

Answer 25

Ser403