Antifungal

Question 1

T or F: Fungi are eukaryotic organism

Answer 1

True, metabolic processes are homologous to humans

Question 2

Which sites of action can we not utilize for Antifungal drugs?

Answer 2

Transcription and Translation

Question 3

What agent affects the cell wall of fungi?

Answer 3

Echinocandins

Question 4

What agent affects the plasma membrane ?

Answer 4

Polyenes

Question 5

What agent affects the ER of Fungi? A-BIT

Answer 5

A- BIT

A- Allyamines
B- Benzylamines
I- Imadiazoles
T-Triazooles

Question 6

Flucytosine inhibits what compound and how does Flucytosine enter the cell?

Answer 6

Flucytosine enters the cell as a prodrug through the cytosine deaminase transporter and inhibits Thymidylate synthase

Question 7

T or F: Prodrugs enter the cell in their primary form, then convert.

Answer 7

True, Flucytosine is a prodrug.

Question 8

Fungal Cell Walls contain all except?
A. Chitin, 
B. 1,6 glucan
C. 1,3 glucan
D. Ergosterol
E. All of the above

Answer 8

E. All of the above

Question 9

Polyenes disrupt the plasma membrane, where would they bind to?

Answer 9

Bind to ergosterol and form pores which alter the fungal membrane permeability.

Question 10

The affinity of amphotericin B is much higher for ergosterol than cholesterol, would the concentration of the drug cause effects on the host membrane.

Answer 10

At high concentrations, amphotericin B can alter the host cell membrane as well.

Question 11

Targeting the bio components of ergosterols is a mechanism of action. One target squalene monooxygenase is targeted by?

Answer 11

Allylamine/benzylamines

Question 12

Lanosterol is converted into ergosterol via which enzyme?

Answer 12

14-alpha sterol demethylase

Question 13

What inhibits 14-alpha sterol demethylase?

Answer 13

Imidazole and triazoles

Question 14

What is the target for cell wall synthesis inhibition with antifungals. ?

Answer 14

Beta (1,3) glucan synthase

Question 15

Griseofulvin inhibits the target for cell division. What would also be affected if this target is affected?

Answer 15

Since it affects tubulin which is central for growth. Vacuole transport, and mitotic spindle fibers are affected.

Question 16

T or False: Echinocandins are non-competitive inhibitors.

Answer 16

True, they don’t compete with the substrate but they do inhibit the enzyme.

Question 17

T or F: Griseofulvin accumulates in keratin precursor cells.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

Flucytosine is converted into its active form called?

Answer 18

Fluorouracil

Question 19

T or F: Fluorouracil is converted into 5-FdUMP

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T or F: 5-FdUMP does not inhibit thymidylate synthase

Answer 20

False

Question 21

T or F: Cytosine deaminase is found in a human cells?

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

Answer 22

Squalene epoxidase

Question 23

Allyamines and Benzylamines can be found in the treatment of?

Answer 23

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 24

Which enzyme has heme?

Answer 24

14-alpha sterol demethylase

Question 25

T or F: Azoles decrease ergosterols

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Mutation of P450 results in the resistance to which drug?
A. Azoles
B. Polyenes
C. Fluorouracil 
D. Allyamines

Answer 26

A. Azoles

Question 27

T or F: Griseofulvin binds to the tubulin and microtubulin

Answer 27

True