cell stucture

Question 1

Describe the nucleus

Answer 1

A nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains DNA arranged in chromosomes

Question 2

Describe cytoplasm

Answer 2

The cytoplasm is usually colorless and contains all the cellular organelles. The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Question 3

Describe the cell membrane

Answer 3

The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. Cell membranes can contain receptor molecules to provide a selective barrier to molecules.

Question 4

Describe the cell wall

Answer 4

A rigid, external layer that is specifically designed to provide structural support and rigidity.

Question 5

Describe the mitochondria

Answer 5

Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles, but they’re membrane-bound with two different membranes.

Question 6

Describe chloroplasts

Answer 6

Oval-shaped and have two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.

Question 7

Describe Ribosomes

Answer 7

An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein.

Question 8

Describe vacuoles

Answer 8

A vacuole is a membrane bound structure containing cell sap.

Question 9

Function of a nucleus

Answer 9

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities (acts as the cell’s brain).

Question 10

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 10

Many cellular activities take place within the cytoplasm, such as many metabolic pathways including glycolysis, and processes such as cell division.

Question 11

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 11

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 12

Function of the cell wall

Answer 12

A cell wall provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.

Question 13

Function of mitochondria

Answer 13

It is the place where aerobic respiration occurs, producing energy needed for the cell to survive and function and contains enzymes for cellular respiration.

Question 14

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 14

Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into chemical energy (in the form of sugars) via the photosynthetic process.

Question 15

Function of ribosomes

Answer 15

Ribosomes make proteins for the cell (is the site of protein synthesis).

Question 16

Functions of vacuoles

Answer 16

Vacuole helps in storage of salts, minerals, pigments and proteins within the cell. It isolates metabolic waste that might be harmful to the cell. It maintains turgor pressure.

Question 17

Similarities of plants and animal cells

Answer 17

Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, cell/plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Question 18

Difference of plants and animal cells

Answer 18

The plant contains extra parts which consist of a vacuole, chloroplasts and a rigid cell wall. Animal cells are usually rounder while plant cells are more rectangular.