Cell Structure & Function Flashcards
Cytoplasm
- jellylike material outside nucleus
- its liquid component (cytosol) surrounds all organelles and cell parts
Cell membrane
- phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
- allows some substances to pass through while blocking others
Cytoskeleton
- long fibers
- forms a framework for the movement of organelles around the cytoplasm
Smooth ER
- system of interconnected, infolded tubes
- synthesizes lipids, carbs, and steroids; detoxifies poisons, and stores calcium ions
Rough ER
- system of interconnected, infolded sacs covered in ribosomes
- synthesizes proteins
Golgi Body
- stack of flattened, curved membranous saccules
- processes and packages proteins synthesized by the ER
Vesicles
- organelles composed of a lipid bilayer
- transport materials, store enzymes, and help with metabolism
Vacuoles
- fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell
- fills itself with food being digested and waste on its way out of the cell
Lysosomes
- round organelles surrounded by a membrane
- hydrolytic enzymes aid in cell digestion (when many cells rupture, autodigestion kills the cell)
Mitochondria
- spherical to rod-shaped with double membrane
- aids in cellular respiration by converting the energy stored in glucose into ATP
Ribosomes
- small round organelles
- protein synthesis
Nuclear Envelope
- double lipid bilayer with nuclear pores
- separates nucleus from cytoplasm
Nucleus
- spherical body containing nucleoplasm and chromosomes
- regulates cell activity
Nucleolus
- spherical organelle inside nucleus
- ribosome synthesis
Chromosomes
- threadlike DNA molecules made up of nucleotides & organized by chromatin
- contains cell’s genetic info
