Cell structure and transport Flashcards
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To realise energy in respiration
Give three differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cells have a vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall, animal cells don’t
which feature is unique to bacterial cells?
They have no nuclus
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
A bacteria
Name the two types of microscope
Light and electron
Name two structures that can be seen with an electron microscope that can’t be seen with a light microscope
Ribosomes and mitochondria
What is the equation that links image size, magnification and actual size?
M=I/A
What is the cell wall in plants made from?
Cellulose
What is a stem cell?
An un specialised cell that is capable of becoming any type of cell
What two things can be adjusted in order to see cells more clearly on a microscope slide?
Focus and magnification
What are the two main differences between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells tend to be bigger and more complex then prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclus and prokaryotic cells don’t
Describe the main function of each stage in the cell cycle
Growth and DNA replication, mitosis, membranes form around both sets of chromosomes and the cell membrane divides
How is a muscle cell specialised to perform its job?
Lots of mitochondria to release lots of energy so that they can contract
How is a nerve cell specialised to perform its job?
They are long and have branched ends so they can cover a large distance and can connect to other cells
How is a root hair cell specialised to perform its job?
They have long hairs so that they have a large surface area to get as much water as possible
What is a cell membrane?
Gel like substance containing enzymes to catalyse the reactions
What does bacterial DNA do?
Controls the function of the cell
What does a cell wall do?
Supports and strengthens the cell
What do plasmids do?
Contain additional gens
What does cytoplasm do?
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is plasmid?
Small rings of DNA
What does a nerve cell do?
Carry electrical signals
What does a muscle cell do?
Contract to allow movement
What does a sperm cell do?
Fertilise an egg
What does a root hair cell do?
Absorbs water and minerals from soil
What does a xylem do?
Carries water and minerals
What does a phloem do?
Carries glucose
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls what moves in and out of the cell
