Cell Structure and Organisation

Question 1

define cell theory

Answer 1

• all living organisms are composed of one or more cell
• the cell is the fundamental unit of structure,function and organisation in all living organisms
• cells can’t only arise from pre existing cells

Question 2

how do you convert mm to micrometers

Answer 2

x 1000

Question 3

how do you convert micrometers to nanometers

Answer 3

x 1000

Question 4

total magnification is what multiplied together

Answer 4

eyepiece and objective lens

Question 5

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

to retain DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 6

what 4 parts is the nucleus made up of

Answer 6

nuclear envelope
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
chromatin

Question 7

nuclear envelope

Answer 7

double membrane with pores to allow transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus to the cyctoplasm

Question 8

nucleoplasm

Answer 8

cyctoplams like material containing chromatin

Question 9

chromatin

Answer 9

coils of DNA bound to histone protein, during cell division it condenses to form visible chromosomes

Question 10

nucleolus

Answer 10

spherical bodies that synthesise rRNA

Question 11

what is the function of mitochondria

Answer 11

to release energy in the form of ATP during aerobic respiration

Question 12

what features does a mitochondrion contain

Answer 12

70s ribosomes
DNA
matrix
cristae
double membrane

Question 13

where are most mitochondria found

Answer 13

muscle and liver cells

Question 14

function of ribosomes

Answer 14

site of protein synthesis

Question 15

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

protein synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 16

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

involved in synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 17

function of golgi body

Answer 17

modifying and packaging proteins.
secreating carbohydrates. 
producing glycoproteins. 
transport and store of lipids. 
form lysosomes.

Question 18

function of chloroplasts

Answer 18

site of photosynthesis

Question 19

function of plasmodesmata

Answer 19

connect one cell to another and allow substances to move between them

Question 20

function of cell wall

Answer 20

rigidity of plant cells

Question 21

function of vacuoles

Answer 21

support soft plant tissues

Question 22

function of centrioles

Answer 22

during cell division, they migrate to opposite poles of cell and form the spindle

Question 23

function of lysosomes

Answer 23

release digestive enzymes to break down worn out organelles of cell.
digest material taken in by the cell.

Question 24

what organelles to both plant cells and animals cells contain

Answer 24

lysosomes 
nucleus
golgi body
mitochondria
RER
cell membranes

Question 25

prokaryotic cells

Answer 25

single celled organisms with no memebrane bound organelles

Question 26

how do prokaryotes store DNA

Answer 26

circular DNA free in the cyctoplasm

Question 27

what kind of ribosomes do eukaryotic cells have

Answer 27

80s

Question 28

what cell division do prokaryotes undergo

Answer 28

binary fision

Question 29

where do prokaryotes carry out respiration

Answer 29

mesosomes, folds in the plasma membrane

Question 30

what are the 3 components of viruses

Answer 30

lipid capsule nucleic acid protein coat

Question 31

tissues

Answer 31

an aggregation of specailised cells carrying out a specific function

Question 32

organs

Answer 32

an aggregation of several tissues that carry out a specific function for the whole organism

Question 33

organ system

Answer 33

two or more organs working together to provide a common function

Question 34

division of labour

Answer 34

the adaptation of different parts of an organism to carry out different functions

Question 35

Multicellular

Answer 35

organisms consisting of many speacialised cells which form tissues and organs

Question 36

unicellular

Answer 36

single celled organisms which carry out all life functions whithin one cell

Question 37

differentiation

Answer 37

the process by which a stem cell becomes speacialised

Question 38

what are the 4 primary tissues types in humans

Answer 38

epithelial muscle connective nerve

Question 39

what are the 4 types of epithelial tissue

Answer 39

squamous cuboidal columnal ciliated

Question 40

what is an example of connective tissue

Answer 40

collagen, gives strength to tendons and ligaments and found in tough outer layer of blood vessels

Question 41

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 41

smooth cardiac skeletal

Question 42

xylem function

Answer 42

transports water and dissolved minerals

Question 43

phloem function

Answer 43

transport of sucrose and amino acids

Question 44

palisade mesophyll function

Answer 44

photosynthesis

Question 45

spongy mesophyll function

Answer 45

provides air space for diffusion of gases

Question 46

organs in a plant

Answer 46

flower leaf stem roots

Question 47

features of a chloroplast

Answer 47

``` 70s ribosomes lipid and starch granules DNA grana thylakoids double membrane lamella stroma ```

Question 48

eukaryotes

Answer 48

organisms made of cells that have membrane bound organelles with DNA within the nucleus in the form of chromosomes

Question 49

what is a prokaryotic cell wall made of

Answer 49

peptidoglycan

Question 50

what are the 7 organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion

Answer 50

``` nucleus nuclear pore ribosome rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body secretory vesicle plasma membrane ```

Question 51

squamous epithelium

Answer 51

flattened cells found in mouth and alveoli which are thin to allow gas diffusion

Question 52

cuboidal epithelium

Answer 52

cube shaped cells found in kidney tulles and ducts of glands

Question 53

columnal epithelium

Answer 53

elongated column shaped cells that are found lining the stomach and intestines

Question 54

ciliated epithelium

Answer 54

column shaped cells that have fine hair like projection. Found in the trachea and oviduct

Question 55

cristae

Answer 55

folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane