cell structure and organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
Controls the activity of the cell, and contains genetic information that can be passed on to the next generation
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Makes and transports lipids
Rough endoplasmic recticulum
Responsible for protein synthesis and the transport of proteins
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus
Are used in secretion, the formation of lysosomes (membrane-bound organelles) and processing proteins
Lysosomes
They are digestive enzymes which breakdown waste materials including old organelles
Mitochondria
Form ATP which allows aerobic respiration to take place
Plasma (cell surface) membrane
Controls the exchange between the cell and environment. It has receptions for cell recognition and fluid, to allow endocytosis
Cell wall
Gives the cell shape, strength and support. It also prevents it from bursting and is fully permeable
Chloroplasts
Are responsible for photosynthesis, as they contain chlorophyll which is a pigment that absorbs light
Vacuole/tonoplast
Is a reservoir of salts, sugars, waste and pigment. It also turgor and adds support
Starch grain/amyloplast
Storage
Cytoplasm
Is the site of chemical reactions
Centrioles
Help with cell division (animal cells)
Flagella
A whip like structure that allows the cell to move
Cilia
Tiny hairs that move mucus back up the throat
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane, which protects DNA and contains nuclear pores that allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus
What is the cytoskeleton
Network of fibres necessary for the shape and stability of a cell
What do microfilaments do
Responsible for cell movement
What do microtubules do
Form a scaffold like structure that determines the shape of the cell
What do intermediate fibres do
Five mechanical strength to cells and help maintain their integrity
What are histones
Proteins that form a complex with DNA called chromatin
Epithelial tissue
Line tubes and spaces and skin
