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Biology Griffiths Y12 > cell structure and organelles > Flashcards

cell structure and organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activity of the cell, and contains genetic information that can be passed on to the next generation

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2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomes

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3
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Makes and transports lipids

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4
Q

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

A

Responsible for protein synthesis and the transport of proteins

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Are used in secretion, the formation of lysosomes (membrane-bound organelles) and processing proteins

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7
Q

Lysosomes

A

They are digestive enzymes which breakdown waste materials including old organelles

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Form ATP which allows aerobic respiration to take place

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9
Q

Plasma (cell surface) membrane

A

Controls the exchange between the cell and environment. It has receptions for cell recognition and fluid, to allow endocytosis

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives the cell shape, strength and support. It also prevents it from bursting and is fully permeable

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Are responsible for photosynthesis, as they contain chlorophyll which is a pigment that absorbs light

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12
Q

Vacuole/tonoplast

A

Is a reservoir of salts, sugars, waste and pigment. It also turgor and adds support

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13
Q

Starch grain/amyloplast

A

Storage

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Is the site of chemical reactions

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15
Q

Centrioles

A

Help with cell division (animal cells)

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16
Q

Flagella

A

A whip like structure that allows the cell to move

17
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hairs that move mucus back up the throat

18
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane, which protects DNA and contains nuclear pores that allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus

19
Q

What is the cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibres necessary for the shape and stability of a cell

20
Q

What do microfilaments do

A

Responsible for cell movement

21
Q

What do microtubules do

A

Form a scaffold like structure that determines the shape of the cell

22
Q

What do intermediate fibres do

A

Five mechanical strength to cells and help maintain their integrity

23
Q

What are histones

A

Proteins that form a complex with DNA called chromatin

24
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Line tubes and spaces and skin

25
Q

Connective tissue

A

Bond and connect other tissues together

26
Q

Skeletal tissue

A

To support and protect the body and permit movement

27
Q

Blood tissue

A

Carry oxygen and food substances around body

28
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Transmit and coordinate messages

29
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Bring about movement

30
Q

Epidermal tissue

A

Lines and protect the surface of the plant

31
Q

Photosynthetic tissue

A

Feeds the plant via photosynthesis

32
Q

Parenchyma tissue

A

Fills spaces inside the plant

33
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Transports food and water in a plant

34
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport materials inside the cell

35
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Two membranes surrounding the nucleus- have nuclear pores

36
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Supports the cell and determines shape

Controls cell movement

37
Q

How does the Golgi apparatus work with vesicles

A

Protein is made by ribosomes of ER
Vesicles carrying protein join Golgi apparatus
Protein modified in the apparatus
Vesicles carrying modified protein produced by apparatus
Contents of vesicle secreted

38
Q

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

A

Nucleus- not present/ present
DNA- circular/linear
Organelles- non membrane bound/both
Cell wall- present/chitin,cellulose or not
Ribosomes- small/large
Cytoskeleton- present
Reproduction- binary fission/asexual or sexual
Mitochondria- not present/usually present
Chloroplasts- not present/sometimes present
ER-not present/always present

Biology Griffiths Y12 (10 decks)

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