Cell Structure and General Processes

Question 0

What is the function of the Plasma membrane?

Answer 0

To keep the internal and external chemical reactions separate.

Question 1

Organelles parallel the function of what in human bodies? Why?

Answer 1

Organs. Organelles are structures that are not alive yet serve necessary functions for living organisms.

Question 2

Cytoplasm is?

Answer 2

The internal fluid of the cell.

Question 3

What two structures support the cells of animals?

Answer 3

A fluid-protein-carbohydrate matrix called an extracellular matrix.
Cell walls.

Question 4

What does the term fluid-mosaic model refer to?

Answer 4

The Plasma membrane..

Question 5

What are the parts composing the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

A phospholipid bilayer, proteins embedded within the bi-layer, cholesterol, carbohydrates.

Question 6

What is the foundation of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

the phospholipid bi-layer.

Question 7

What is the structure of a phospholipid and what is unique about each part?

Answer 7

A hydrophilic (water attracting) head. A hydrophobic (water repelling) tail.

Question 8

What is the specific structure of the phospholipid bi-layer?

Answer 8

Two layers of phospholipids, heads pointed towards the internal and external fluids, each layers tails facing the others.

Question 9

What is the purpose of cholesterol within the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Stability and prevents a cell from freezing when the external temperature is freezing cold.

Question 10

Describe the events that occur when carbohydrates attach to the outside of the cell membrane.

Answer 10

Glycolipids are formed from the interaction of the phospholipids and the carbohydrates. DNA dictates which carbohydrates attach which in turn determines blood type.

Question 11

What is the classification of the cell membranes permeability.

Answer 11

Semi-permeable.

Question 12

What types of molecules need assistance in passing through the semi-permeable cell membrane? What assists them?

Answer 12

Hormones and Ions; Transport Proteins

Question 13

What occurs when Transport Proteins allow ions and hormones to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 13

1.A protein acts as a receptor detecting the presence of the molecule. 2. Carrier proteins attach to the molecule. 3.Transport proteins form channels in the cell membrane allowing the molecule and protein to pass.

Question 14

What is passive transport? What are the energy requirements of passive transport?

Answer 14

Passive transport is the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of less concentration. No energy is required for passive transport.

Question 15

What are two types of Passive Transport?

Answer 15

Osmosis and Diffusion.

Question 16

What is Diffusion?

Answer 16

The movement of molecules, other than water, from areas of higher concentration to areas with less concentration (of that molecule).

Question 17

What is osmosis?

Answer 17

The movement of solvents(water) from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Question 18

What is the term for the measurement and comparison of solute concentration?

Answer 18

Tonicity.

Question 19

When is a solution considered to be isotonic?

Answer 19

The concentrations of solvents to solutes are equal on both sides of the membrane.

Question 20

When is a solution hypotonic?

Answer 20

A solution is hypotonic when it has a lower concentration of solutes compared with the solution on the other side of the membrane.

Question 21

When is a solution hypertonic?

Answer 21

A solution is hypertonic when it has a higher concentration of solutes than the solution on the other side of the membrane.

Question 22

What is active transport? What sort of molecules are required for active transport?

Answer 22

Active transport requires a cell to expend energy to move molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. The process requires active transport proteins (pumps).

Question 23

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 23

Reinforces the cell membrane, reinforces the nuclear envelope, allows for movement within the cell.

Question 24

What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

Answer 24

Protein ropes that run through the cell.

Question 25

What are the two types of cytoskeletal projections? What makes these projections different?

Answer 25

Cilia are short projections, Flagella are long projections.

Question 26

What system(s) can cilia be found in? What is their function within?

Answer 26

respiratory tract moving mucus, digestive tract moving food

Question 27

Where can flagella be found and what is their function?

Answer 27

Found on sperm cells guiding them to the egg.