Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam One > Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the single most important differentiating factor between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes do not have nuclei, and eukaryotes do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the four processes of life?

A

Growth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do prokaryotes possess internal membrane bound organelles?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the shape of prokaryotic DNA?

A

Circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What subgroups are made of up prokaryotes?

A

Archaea and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the shape of eukaryotic DNA?

A

Linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, and plants are made up of what type of cells?

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of glycocalyx is firmly attached to the cell surface?

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of glycocalyx is loosely attached to the cell surface?

A

Slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell?

A

Glycocalyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three parts of flagella on bacteria?

A

Filament, hook, and basal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are flagella present on all bacteria?

A

No, but most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of bacterial flagella?

A

Allow movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the term for when the flagella function together for movement?

A

“Runs”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the term for the movement created by a single flagella of bacteria moving either clockwise or counterclockwise?

A

“Tumbles”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structures mediate the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells (conjugation)?

A

Pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functions of the bacterial cell wall?

A

Provide structure and shape, gives characteristic shape, protect cell from osmotic forces

19
Q

What are the two most common types of bacterial cell walls?

A

Gram + or gram -

20
Q

Which type of bacterial cell wall has a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan?

A

Gram +

21
Q

Which type of bacterial cell wall contains unique polyalcohols called teichoic acids?

A

Gram +

22
Q

Gram + bacterial cell walls appear as what color following a gram staining procedure?

A

Purple

23
Q

Which type of bacterial cell well has a thin peptidoglycan layer?

A

Gram -

24
Q

Lipid A is only found in what type of bacterial cell wall?

A

Gram -

25
Q

What is lipid A as found in gram - bacterial cell walls?

A

A potent endotoxin released from dead cells that may trigger fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, and blood clotting

26
Q

What type of bacterial cell wall appears a red or magenta after a gram staining procedure?

A

Gram -

27
Q

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis are all forms of what type of process?

A

Passive processes

28
Q

Active transport and group translocation are examples of which type of process?

A

Active processes (requiring ATP)

29
Q

What is group translocation?

A

Substance chemically modified during transport

30
Q

What part of bacteria stores abundant nutrients by acting as reservoirs?

A

Inclusions

31
Q

What are unique structures produced by some bacteria that are a defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions?

A

Endospores

32
Q

Endospores are only created by bacteria from which genus?

A

Bacillus and clostridium

33
Q

What is the most resistant type of bacteria?

A

Those with endospores (bacillus and clostridium)

34
Q

Which organelle is the structure for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

35
Q

What is the total size of prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

70S

36
Q

What are the individual sizes of each subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

30S and 50S

37
Q

What cells lack cell walls?

A

Animal and MOST protozoan cells

38
Q

What cells HAVE cell walls?

A

Fungi, algae, plants, and SOME protozoans

39
Q

What form of active processes is present among eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes?

A

Endocytosis

40
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Physical manipulation of the membrane to form pseudopodia for engulfing

41
Q

What is the term for the engulfment of solid material by the cell membrane?

A

Phagocytosis

42
Q

What is the term for the importation of liquid into the cell through the membrane?

A

Pinocytosis

43
Q

In which type of cell are ribosomes larger?

A

Eukaryotic ribosomes

44
Q

What is the overall size of eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

80S

45
Q

What are the individual sizes of the eukaryotic ribosome subunits?

A

60S and 40S

46
Q

EXCEPTION: what is the overall size of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

70S

Microbiology Exam One (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions