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MSU > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Plasma Membrane?

A

lipid layer that separates cellular contents from the environment

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2
Q

What is a Cytoplasm?

A

water-based suspension for structures and molecules of the cell

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3
Q

What is DNA?

A

genetic material
Replication = pass information to daughter cells
Transcription = DNA  RNA (message)
Single circular chromosome in prokaryotes vs. many linear chromosomes in eukaryotes

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4
Q

What is RNA?

A

Carries the genetic info copied from DNA

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5
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

Create proteins, Nucleoprotein complex, two subunits, site of peptide synthesis

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6
Q

What is a Cell Wall?

A

Cell walls offer support and protection

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7
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Houses nucleolus, houses majority of DNA, DNA transcription and replication take place here, Nuclear envelope: double bilayer

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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)

A

Lipid and steroid synthesis

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9
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

A

protein modification and synthesis

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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus (Cis)

A

cis-golgi receives vesicles filled with proteins that need to be packaged and refined from the ER

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11
Q

Golgi Apparatus (Trans)

A

when vesicles containing proteins aww ready to be shipped, they are sent out the trans-golgi side towards the cell membrane or other parts of the cell.

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12
Q

Transport Vesicle

A

Move molecules between locations inside the cell

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13
Q

Lysosome

A

Macromolecules are hydrolyzed and breaks down old cellular components

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14
Q

Vacuole

A

ingestion of food from environment, can store pigments, ions, waste, poisonous compounds, and metabolic by-products. Also can take and release H2O

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15
Q

Peroxisome

A

Detoxifies alcohol, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals. Also breaks down long chain fatty acids for fuel

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts chemical energy to ATP, has two membranes, and contains DNA/ribosomes

17
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Use ATP+CO2 to convert light energy to chemical energy, contains DNA/ribosomes, and can replicate independent of the cell.

18
Q

Flagella

A

Responsible for locomotion and sensory, archaea is powered by ATP

19
Q

Cilia

A

Moves liquid over the surface of a cell

MSU (10 decks)

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