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Bio 12 > Cell Structure and function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 3 parts of cell theory

A

1) all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2) cell is the basic unit of life
3) cells come from division of pre existing cells

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2
Q

what instrument is information gathered from

A

light microscope

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3
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

contains nuclei and other membrane bound organelles (genetic material is organized into chromosomes)

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4
Q

4 structures of eukaryotic cell

A

1) cell membrane
2) nucleus
3) organelles
4) cytoplam

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5
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model

A

model of cell membrane

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6
Q

what is the lipid bilayer

A

dbl lipid layer on cell membrane

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7
Q

what do carbs do on outside surface of cell membrane

A

carbs anchored or suspended on surface of cell membrane layer

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8
Q

what are functions of cell membrane

A

1) transport in and out of cell
2)communication recognition
3) homeostasis

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9
Q

why willcell membrane let some substances in but not others

A

it is selectively permeable

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10
Q

what is extra cell layer of plant cells, and what are thety made of

A

cell wall, made of cellulose fibers

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11
Q

what does semi permeable mean

A

small molecules can pass through while larger ones may not be able to

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12
Q

what does selectively permeable mean

A

will let some substances in but not others of the same size

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13
Q

what is surrounding the nucelus + how many layers

A

nucleic membrane, 2 layers

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14
Q

what is purpose of nuclear pores

A

protien in, mRNA out

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15
Q

what is the nucleolus function

A

manufacture RNA (RNA synthesis)`

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16
Q

how is DNA organized

A

coiled up by histones which are called chromatin

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17
Q

what is chromatin

A

DNA + Histones

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18
Q

What are histones

A

a protein that coils up DNA

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19
Q

what is the function of nucelus

A

metabolism
growth
differentiation
structure
reproduction

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20
Q

Where is ER found

A

just outside of nucleus and expands into cytoplam

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21
Q

what is function of the SER

A

Lipid synthesis
Detox drugs + chemicals

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22
Q

function of RER

A

protein synthesis

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23
Q

why is SER so folded

A

to increases surface area where chemical reactions can occur

24
Q

ER channels provide what benefit to the cell

A

storage space + transportation routes

25
Q

why do proteins go to golgi after made by RER

A

they are not mature enough, must undergo further processing before they can perform functions

26
Q

what is structure of ribosomes

A

consist of rRNA +Proteins, each ribosome is made of 2 non-identical subunits

27
Q

what are polysomes

A

produce proteins used inside cell, made of clusters of ribosomes, free floating in cytoplasm

28
Q

function of golgi app

A

-modification
-assembly
-packaging
-storage
-secretion
-(receive proteins from ER and modify, package into vessicles, then send out of cell) this is called exocytosis

29
Q

what are saccuoles

A

-looks like flattened sac of hollow tubes in golgi
-contains enzymes that modify proteins

30
Q

how does vessicle leave cell from golgi

A

exocytosis

31
Q

how are vessicles and vacuoles formed

A

1) from pinching off golgi
2) endocytosis of cell memb
3) extention of ER

32
Q

what are lysosomes (cellular stomach)

A

-special vessicle formed in golgi
-conatin powerful hydrolytic enzymes
-contain 40 diff enzymes

33
Q

function of lysosomes

A

-cellular and auto digestion
-breakdown of whole cell
- destroy invading bacteria

34
Q

what are peroxisomes

A

single membrane organelles that make hydrogen peroxide during cellular metabolism, Peroxisomes then break it down into water and oxygen

35
Q

What organelle provides cell with energy

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

What is the inner membrane of mitochondria called

A

Cristae

37
Q

In cellular respiration what two things make ATP

A

converts glucose and fatty acids into ATP

38
Q

how many ATP is produced

A

38

39
Q

(T or F) Mitochondria are self replication and reproduce by splitting in half

A

T

40
Q

(T or F) Mitochondria have double helix DNA

A

F (DNA is circular)

41
Q

(T or F) Mitochondria evolved from bacteria

A

T

42
Q

Where are chloroplats found

A

in plant cells only

43
Q

what are the functions of chloroplasts

A

Make energy for plant cells (photosynthesis)

44
Q

what is a chloroplast

A

-Double membrane organelle where photosynthesis occurs (chlorophyll is the chemical that absorbs the energy)
-process is basically the opposite of cellular resporation

45
Q

chloroplast structure

A

stacks of grana inside (looks like pancakes) where chlorophyll is located, each pancake is called a thylakoid

46
Q

which cell are centrioles found

A

animal cells

47
Q

what are 2 main functions of centrioles

A

-give rise to basal bodies
-assist in formation of spindle apparatus in cell division

48
Q

describe and name the function of cilia

A

-short, hair like projections that function in cell movement
-membrane bound cylinder
beat stiffly, like oars

49
Q

describe and name the function of flagella

A

-longer than cilia, but same basic anatomy
-beat in whip like motion
function in cell movement (Eg. Sperm)

50
Q

what are the functions of the cytoskeleton

A

-maintain shape
-anchor organelles
-help organelles move

51
Q

cytoskeleton is made of

A

Microtubules and Microfilaments

52
Q

what are the functions of microtubules

A

-give cell shape and form
-moving material within cell and cytoskeleton structure

53
Q

what are the functions of microfilaments

A

-movement of cells (internal and external)
-anchor organelles and moving them within the cell

54
Q

what are 2 classes of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

55
Q

what are the differences between prok and euk cells

A

1) Prok: include bacteria and blue-green algae
-are single celled, lack nucleusand other membrane bound substructures, DNA is circular
2) euk: Include planats, animals, protozoa, and fungi
-contain nuclei and other membrane bound organelles
DNA is organized into chromosomes

56
Q

what are the subunits of grana in the chloroplast called

A

thylakoid

Bio 12 (12 decks)

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