Cell Structure Flashcards
How do cilia and flagella move
By the cytoskeleton protein that runs through them. So single cells with flagella the cytoskeleton propels the whole cell
Function of Golgi apparatus
It receives proteins from the rough er and modified them. It then packages the modified proteins into vesicles that can be transported. Some modified proteins may go to the surface of the cell so that they may be secreted.
What are lysosomes and what is the function of them?
Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membranes and they’re specialised vesicles.
They contain powerful digestive enzymes and they break down waste materials (inc old organelles). They also play an important role in breaking down pathogens.
Where is the cytoskeleton and what is the function of it?
Present throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.Organelles are held in place by cytoskeleton and can control movement of organelles through the skeleton.
What are the functions of micro filaments and micro tubules?
They are made of the contractile fibres made of actin and responsible for cell movement and also cell contraction during cytokinesis. Microtubules are made of tubulin and they form scaffold structures that determine the shape of the cells. They act as tracks for the movement of organelles.
What are centrioles and what’s the function of them?
Self replicating organelles made of nine bundles of microtubules and found mostly in eukaryotic cells. 2 centrioles form a centrosome(involved in the making of spindles fibres during cell division). They help in organising cell division but aren’t always needed in the process.Found in all animal some plant
Are animal cells and plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Describe and say the function of plasma membrane
Membrane found on surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic it’s made of lipids and protein.
It regulates the moment of substances into and out of the cell.It also has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Describe and explain function of cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells and it’s mainly made of cellulose.
It supports plant cells
Describe and explain function of nucleus
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope(double membrane) which contains many pores. It contains chromatin(made from dna and proteins) and it has nucleolus.
It controls the cells activities (through transcription of dna).Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm.nucleolus makes ribosomes.
Describe and explain the function of ribosome
A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough ER. It’s made of proteins and RNA.not surrounded by membrane
Site where proteins made
Describe and explain function of RER
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface is converted w ribosomes.
It synthesises and processes lipids
Describe and explain function of vessicle
A small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane.
Transports substances in and out of the cell(via plasma membrane) and between organelle. Some formed in the golgi or ER which others formed at cell surface
Describe and explain function of mitochondrion
Oval shaped with a double membrane-inner one folded to form structures called cristae.Inside is Matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
It’s site of aerobic respiration where atp produced. Mitochondria found in large numbers in cells that at very active and require a lot of energy
Describe and explain function of chloroplast
A small flattened structure in plant cells. Surrounded by double membrane and has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes.these membranes stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast to form grana. Grana linked together by lamellae- thin flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
Where photosynthesis takes place, some pasty of this process happens in grana others happen in stoma
