Cell structure Flashcards
What are the two types of cell?
Prokaryotic(bacteria, fungi) and eukaryotic (animals, plants)
What is the function of the nucleus and what structures does it have?
The nucleus contains
-Nucleolus(Synthesising of ribosomes)
-Nuclear Pores(Where mRNA strands leave the nucleus for protein synthesis)
-Nuclear envelope(Double membrane
-Genetic information in the form of chromosomes
The function is to manage genetic material
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Jelly like substance in which all the intercellular organelles are based, also the site of chemical reactions.
What is the function of the Phospholipid bilayer?
-Acts as a semi permeable membrane in which allows certain substances needed for cellular metabolic reactions.
How does the cytoskeleton form, what is its function, and where is it based?
The cytoskeleton can be found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
It is made of:
-Microfilaments(made of actin, moves cell & contracts in cytokinesis)
-Microtubules(Made of globular tubulin that form tubes, determines -
cell shape and acts as tracks for movement of organelles)
-intermediate fibres(Gives the cell strength)
Functions:
-Holds organelles in place
-allows cell to change shape (exo&endocytosis)
-Makes up centrioles
What are centrioles?
Made of microtubules which assemble and order spindle fibres in cell division
What are flagellum?
Tail like projects which detect changes in the cells environment and helps it move
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
What are Cilla?
Hair like extension, move particles that surround the cell by beating rhythmically
What are ribosomes
Made of Ribosomal RNA and Proteins and they have a function of synthesising proteins
What is the rough ER
Made of folded membrane which projects of the nucleus, it contains ribosomes which synthesises the mRNA released at the nucleolus
The actual ER takes the produced proteins and glycoproteins and packages them into vesicles
What is the smooth ER
Secretes lipids and carbohydrates which is then packaged into vesicles
What is the Golgi apparatus
Vesicles from smooth and rough ERs fuses with it and they are modified before being put into vesicles and sent off.
if the vesicle is filled with enzymes its called a lysosome(Digestive enzymes lysozymes break down worn down biological molecules and cell membrane of bacteria)
What is the Mitochondria, structure and function?
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle in which contains the cristae( this is a fluid in which has enzymes that speed up the reaction for aerobic respiration(produce ATP))
Also contain ribosomes and DNA(replication)
What is the cell wall?
Made of cellulose in plants and peptoglyican in bacteria which supports the cell and keeps it turgid
What is the Vacuole
Filled with cell sap it helps keep the turgidity of the cell,helps maintain water and storage of molecules like salts and minerals