Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the structure of the nucleus?
Contains a nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chromatin
What is the function of the nucleus?
To control cellular activity and store genetic information
What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane and has nuclear pores
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
Provides a structural framework to the nucleus
What is the structure of the nucleolus?
Made of proteins and RNA
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Site of rRNA synthesis
What is the structure of the chromatin?
Contains DNA and histones
What is the function of the chromatin?
Condenses to form chromosomes
What is the structure of the cytoplasm?
Made of cytosol (organic and inorganic molecules)
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Maintains cell shape, stores chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?
A network of tubules and filaments
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Supports the cell and transfers molecules
What is the structure of the mitochondria?
Contains a double membrane, cristae and matrix
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration and produces ATP
What is the structure of the cristae?
Folded extensions on the inner membrane
What is the function of the cristae?
Provides large surface area for enzyme reactions
What is the structure of the matrix?
Contains enzymes and small amounts of DNA and ribosomes
What is the function of the matrix?
Involved in aerobic respiration
What is the structure of the ribosomes?
Not membrane bound, 80s in eukaryotes
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The surface is coated in ribosomes, contains folded membranes
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Many roles in protein synthesis, such as post-translational modifications
What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
Stacks of flattened cisternae and vesicles, contains folded membranes
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Sorts, packages and modifies proteins
What is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Contains a nuclear envelope, smooth tubules and rough sheets
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesise lipids, cholesterol and steroid hormones and packages into vesicles
What is the structure of the vesicles?
Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, contains a membrane bound sac
What is the function of the vesicles?
Maintaining turgency, metabolism, transport, buoyancy control and enzyme storage
What is the structure of the lysosomes?
Membrane bound vesicles
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Contains hydrolytic lysozymes
What is the structure of the chloroplasts?
Contains grana, thylakoids, lamella, double membrane, stroma
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Produce energy through photosynthesis, absorb light
