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Cell Biology > Cell Strcuture Ad Function > Flashcards

Cell Strcuture Ad Function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The cell theory was first developed by

A

Theodor swan and matthias schleiden

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2
Q

The cells of the pancreatics are responsible for

A

Synthesis of enzyme

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3
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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4
Q

Describe the chromosomes in prokaryote cells?

A

Single circular chromosomes with no nucleusomes

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A 
Contents the contents of the cell and maintain cell integrity. 
Selective barrier 
Communication 
Recognition
Transport
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6
Q

What is the purpose of cholesterol in the cell membrane ?

A

Ridigity

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7
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus

A 
It stores the cell heredity material
Protein synthesis 
Cell division
Intermediary metabolism
Coordinates the cell activates
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8
Q

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

The nuclear envelop continues many pores called

A

Nuclear pore complexes , they control the passage of molecules in the cells.

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10
Q

The nucleolus contains

A

DNA and Rna

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11
Q

What are the names of the four deoxyribonucleotides in the DNA?

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine

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12
Q

From DNA to DNA

A

Is replication

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13
Q

From DNA to mRNA

A

Transcription

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14
Q

MRNA to protein

A

Translation

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15
Q

Specific chromosal regions in the nucleolus are

A

Nucleolus organizer regions

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16
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of rRna and assembly of the large and small subunits.

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17
Q

What is the main function of the mitochondria ?

A

Conversion of the potential energy of food molecules into ATP.

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18
Q

Structure of the mitochondria

A

Outer membrane, inner membrane, inter membrane space, cristae

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19
Q

The outer membrane of the mitochondria is responsible for

A

Phospholipid synthesis
Fatty acid desaturation
Fatty acid elongation

20
Q

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport
Metabolite transport

21
Q

Intermembrane in mitochondria

A

Nucleotide phosphorylation

22
Q

Matrix of the mitochondria

A 
TCA cycle 
Pyruvate oxidation
B oxidation
DNA replication
RNA synthesis
Protein synthesis
23
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum functions

A

Biosynthesis and transport of protein and lipids
Synthesis of lipids and processing of proteins
Site of protein production

24
Q

Smooth er

A

Function in the synthesis of lipids and processing of proteins

25
Q

rough ER

A

Site of protein production

26
Q

Ribosomes are made up of

A

60% RNA and 40 protein protein

27
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Modication, sorting and packing of macromolecules synthesised in the er and prepares them for export.

28
Q

All of the following are functions of the Golgi apparatus except?

Transport of lipids
Protein synthesis
Creation of lysosomes
Site of carbohydrate synthesis

A

Protein synthesis ,protein synthesis is done in the ER.

29
Q

Are lysosomes singled membrane or double membraned?

A

Single

30
Q

How are lysosomes formed?

A

By the budding from the Golgi apparatus

31
Q

Lysosomes are the site of

A

Intracellular digestion the fuse with vesicles containing food particles ingested by the cell

32
Q

Lysosomes contain

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that come from the Golgi apparatus

33
Q

Enzymes in the lysosome

A 
Nucleases
Proteases
Lipases
Phosphatases
Polysaccharidases
34
Q

Which two organs are enlarged in lysosomal storage disease?

A

Liver and spleen

35
Q

What is another name for peroxisomes?

A

Microbodies

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Special vesicles that contain enzymes important for the removal of toxic substances and the breakdown of excess fatty acids.

37
Q

Cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules and

A

Filaments

38
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Cell shape, mechanical strength for protection, movement within the cell and cell division

39
Q

What are the 3 protein filaments?

A

Microfilaments e.g actin
Microtubules e.g. Tubulin
Intermediate filaments. E,g cytokeratin

40
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Pair of replicating organelles found within centrosomes located just outside the nucleous

41
Q

Centrioles are at with angle to each other

A

Right

42
Q

Function of centrioles?

A

Duplicates before mitosis
Produce microtubules
Role in spindle formation

43
Q

Which cells lack centrioles?

A

Red blood cell, muscle cells and nervous cells

44
Q

Cilia and flagellum are constructed from?

A

Microtubules

45
Q

The entire assembly in the cilia and flagellum are an extension from the

A

Plasma membrane

46
Q

3 types cell junctions are

A

Tight junction or occludens
Nexus/ gap junction
Adherens type

Cell Biology (13 decks)

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