Bioenergetics And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

Kinetics

Answer 1

Predicts the rate at which a reaction would occur

Question 2

Bioenergetics

Answer 2

Predicts whether a reaction would take place

Question 3

Delta G

Answer 3

Energy available to do work
Approaches zero as reaction proceeds to equilibrium
Predicts whether a reaction is favorable
Predicts the direction of any specified concentration of products and reactants.

Question 4

Standard free energy

Answer 4

Predicts the direction of a reaction when reactants and products are 1 mol

Question 5

When we go from products to reactants the reaction is

Answer 5

Endergonic, energy must be added

Question 6

Is spontaneous reaction irrevesersible?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

When delta G is equal to zero the system is

Answer 7

At equilibrium

Question 8

Glucose 6 phosphate. To fructose 6 phosphate

Answer 8

is non equilibrium

Question 9

Delta G can or cannot be used to predict directions under physiological conditions

Answer 9

Not

Question 10

If keq = > 1 then delta G is < 0

Answer 10

Then the reaction with the reactants to products is favored

Question 11

ATP =

Answer 11

Adenosine + 3 phosphate

Question 12

Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphate =

Answer 12

ADP

Question 13

Adenine + ribose + 1 phosphate =

Answer 13

AMP

Question 14

ETC functions

Answer 14

Oxidize NADH AND FADH2
Generate electrical energy by passing electrons to oxygen
Create a proton gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane
Proton gradient drives phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 15

Where does ETC occurs?

Answer 15

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 16

Purpose of ETC

Answer 16

Make ATP from ADP using stored energy in NADH and FADH

Question 17

Reactions of ETC can be broken down into two processes?

Answer 17

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic

Question 18

Describe the electron transport chain

Answer 18

Electron transport results when NADH and FADH2 transfer protons from to complexes in the inner membrane until it reaches water.

Question 19

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains the proteins of the electron membrane transport membrane thus creating a …..?

Answer 19

Hydrogen ion gradient for ATP production through ATP synthase.

Question 20

There are four protein complexes

Answer 20

Complex 1-4

Question 21

Complex one

Answer 21

NADH dehydrogenase

Question 22

Complex 3

Answer 22

Cytochrome reductase

Question 23

Complex 2

Answer 23

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 24

Complex 4

Answer 24

Cytochrome oxidase

Question 25

The two mobile electrons that the four complexes send electrons to are?

Answer 25

Cytochrome C and CO enzyme C

Question 26

Complex 1,2,3 contain

Answer 26

Iron sulphur proteins

Question 27

Where does electrons from complex 1 come from

Answer 27

Malate dehydrogenase Alpha ketoglumarate dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Fatty acid beta oxidation

Question 28

Complex 2 electrons comes from

Answer 28

FADH2 Electrons from succinate dehydrogenase Associated Coq

Question 29

Flow of electrons

Answer 29

NADH oxidized by Coq at complex 1or Fadh2 oxidized by Oq at complex 2, COq oxidized by. Ctpytochrome c at complex 3 3, cytochrome c oxidied by oxygen at complex 4 O2 is the final acceptor at complex 4

Question 30

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 30

As electrons flow down electrochemical potential protons are pumped into the intramembrane space at complexes 1,3,4 . This creates a pH gradient that is relieved by pumping back through ATP synthase which is known as complex 5. The energy is used of make ATP.

Question 31

The ETC CAN BE INHIBITED BY

Answer 31

Antimycin inhibits cytochrome b of cytochrome reductase. Carbon monoxide, abode and cyancide inhibits cytochrome oxidase Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase

Question 32

How do uncouplers work?

Answer 32

Creates a protein leak allowing protons to relented the mitochondrial matrix without capturing any energy as ATP

Question 33

Thermogenin

Answer 33

Dissipation of the H+ gradient generated from the electron transport which is coupled from ATP synthesis generating heat.

Question 34

Why is thermogenin brown?

Answer 34

Because of the cytochrome containing mitochondria

Question 35

Heat generation due to regulated uncoupling through action of thermogenin is called

Answer 35

Thermogenin

Question 36

Shuttle mechanism

Answer 36

Inner membrane mitochondrial is impedance to most proteins a d coenzymes and need to be shuttle so as deliver electrons from NADH across the inner mitochrondrial membrane.

Question 37

What are two shuttle mechanism?

Answer 37

Glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate aspartame shuttle

Question 38

The oxidation of 1 NadH yield , how many moles of ATP

Answer 38

3 moles of ATP using malate aspartame shuttle

Question 39

Hypoxia decreases the rate of

Answer 39

ETC and ATP production

Question 40

Myocardial infarction can result from

Answer 40

Hypoxia , tissue damage , leakage of intracellular enzymes ( troponin 1 and T