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Cell Biology > Bioenergetics And Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

Bioenergetics And Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinetics

A

Predicts the rate at which a reaction would occur

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2
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Predicts whether a reaction would take place

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3
Q

Delta G

A

Energy available to do work
Approaches zero as reaction proceeds to equilibrium
Predicts whether a reaction is favorable
Predicts the direction of any specified concentration of products and reactants.

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4
Q

Standard free energy

A

Predicts the direction of a reaction when reactants and products are 1 mol

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5
Q

When we go from products to reactants the reaction is

A

Endergonic, energy must be added

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6
Q

Is spontaneous reaction irrevesersible?

A

No

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7
Q

When delta G is equal to zero the system is

A

At equilibrium

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8
Q

Glucose 6 phosphate. To fructose 6 phosphate

A

is non equilibrium

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9
Q

Delta G can or cannot be used to predict directions under physiological conditions

A

Not

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10
Q

If keq = > 1 then delta G is < 0

A

Then the reaction with the reactants to products is favored

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11
Q

ATP =

A

Adenosine + 3 phosphate

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12
Q

Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphate =

A

ADP

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13
Q

Adenine + ribose + 1 phosphate =

A

AMP

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14
Q

ETC functions

A

Oxidize NADH AND FADH2
Generate electrical energy by passing electrons to oxygen
Create a proton gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane
Proton gradient drives phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

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15
Q

Where does ETC occurs?

A

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

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16
Q

Purpose of ETC

A

Make ATP from ADP using stored energy in NADH and FADH

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17
Q

Reactions of ETC can be broken down into two processes?

A

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic

18
Q

Describe the electron transport chain

A

Electron transport results when NADH and FADH2 transfer protons from to complexes in the inner membrane until it reaches water.

19
Q

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains the proteins of the electron membrane transport membrane thus creating a …..?

A

Hydrogen ion gradient for ATP production through ATP synthase.

20
Q

There are four protein complexes

A

Complex 1-4

21
Q

Complex one

A

NADH dehydrogenase

22
Q

Complex 3

A

Cytochrome reductase

23
Q

Complex 2

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

24
Q

Complex 4

A

Cytochrome oxidase

25
Q

The two mobile electrons that the four complexes send electrons to are?

A

Cytochrome C and CO enzyme C

26
Q

Complex 1,2,3 contain

A

Iron sulphur proteins

27
Q

Where does electrons from complex 1 come from

A

Malate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglumarate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Fatty acid beta oxidation

28
Q

Complex 2 electrons comes from

A

FADH2
Electrons from succinate dehydrogenase
Associated Coq

29
Q

Flow of electrons

A

NADH oxidized by Coq at complex 1or Fadh2 oxidized by Oq at complex
2, COq oxidized by. Ctpytochrome c at complex 3
3, cytochrome c oxidied by oxygen at complex 4
O2 is the final acceptor at complex 4

30
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

As electrons flow down electrochemical potential protons are pumped into the intramembrane space at complexes 1,3,4 . This creates a pH gradient that is relieved by pumping back through ATP synthase which is known as complex 5. The energy is used of make ATP.

31
Q

The ETC CAN BE INHIBITED BY

A

Antimycin inhibits cytochrome b of cytochrome reductase.
Carbon monoxide, abode and cyancide inhibits cytochrome oxidase
Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase

32
Q

How do uncouplers work?

A

Creates a protein leak allowing protons to relented the mitochondrial matrix without capturing any energy as ATP

33
Q

Thermogenin

A

Dissipation of the H+ gradient generated from the electron transport which is coupled from ATP synthesis generating heat.

34
Q

Why is thermogenin brown?

A

Because of the cytochrome containing mitochondria

35
Q

Heat generation due to regulated uncoupling through action of thermogenin is called

A

Thermogenin

36
Q

Shuttle mechanism

A

Inner membrane mitochondrial is impedance to most proteins a d coenzymes and need to be shuttle so as deliver electrons from NADH across the inner mitochrondrial membrane.

37
Q

What are two shuttle mechanism?

A

Glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate aspartame shuttle

38
Q

The oxidation of 1 NadH yield , how many moles of ATP

A

3 moles of ATP using malate aspartame shuttle

39
Q

Hypoxia decreases the rate of

A

ETC and ATP production

40
Q

Myocardial infarction can result from

A

Hypoxia , tissue damage , leakage of intracellular enzymes ( troponin 1 and T

Cell Biology (13 decks)

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