Cell reproduction and the Continuity of Life: Reproductive Technology to Decrease Potential

Question 1

What are the methods of surgical sterilization?

Answer 1

• Tubal ligation (Women)
• Vasectomy (Men)

Question 2

What are the methods of hormonal contraception?

Answer 2

Function by changing reproductive hormone balances in women preventing ovulation and implantation. They are highly effective and help with menstrual cycles, but may have hormonal side effects.

• Birth control pill
• Birth control patch
• Vaginal ring
• Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• Injection
• Emergency oral contraceptive

Question 3

What are the physical or chemical barrier contraceptives?

Answer 3

Creates a barrier between the egg and sperm or the reproductive tract’s environment.

• Condoms
• Sponge
• Cervical cap
• Diaphragm
• Copper IUD
• Spermicidal products

Question 4

What are the natural methods of contraception?

Answer 4

Reliant on behavioural practices of individuals.

• Abstinence
• Withdrawal
• Fertility awareness/rhythm

Question 5

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 5

The oviducts are cut and the ends are tied, preventing the ovum from ever reaching sperm or the uterus.

Pros: Permanent
Cons: Surgery

Question 6

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 6

The vas deferens are cut and tied off, preventing semen from containing sperm.

Pros: Permanent
Cons: Surgery

Question 7

What is a birth control pill?

Answer 7

A pill contain estrogen + progestin or just progestin and is taken daily.

Question 8

What is a birth control patch?

Answer 8

4 by 4 cm patch worn on skin to continually release estrogen and progestin.

Question 9

What is a vaginal ring?

Answer 9

A plastic ring inserted into the vagina to slowly release estrogen and progestin.

Question 10

What is an intrauterine device?

Answer 10

A doctor inserts a small T shaped device with a cylinder into the uterus to gradually release progestin.

Question 11

What is a hormonal injection?

Answer 11

A progestin injection given 4 times a year.

Question 12

What is an emergency oral contraceptive?

Answer 12

Pills containing progestin which are most effective if used within 24 hours of intercourse. Not to be used regularly!

Question 13

What are condoms?

Answer 13

Physical barriers worn over the genitals. Males’ are made of latex and worn over the penis, women’s are non-latex and are inserted into the vagina.

Male pros: Convenient, STI prevention
Male cons: Latex allergy

Female pros: STI prevention, no latex allergy
Female cons: More difficult to use

Question 14

What is the sponge?

Answer 14

A foam device containing spermicides that fits over the cervix.

Question 15

What is a cervical cap?

Answer 15

A silicone cap that fits against the cervix. (Used with spermicides)

Pros: No medical risk, only used when necessary
Cons: Latex allergy, requires fitting

Question 16

What is a diaphragm?

Answer 16

A latex barrier that covers the cervix. (Used with spermicides)

Pros: No medical risk, only used when necessary
Cons: Latex allergy, requires fitting

Question 17

What is a copper IUD?

Answer 17

A small T-shaped device that prevents implantation is inserted into the uterus.

Pros: Lasts years
Cons: Potential PID

Question 18

What are spermicidal products?

Answer 18

Chemical jellies creams or foams that destroy sperm on contact.

Pros: Usable with other contraceptives
Cons: Reaction to spermicides

Question 18

What is abstinence?

Answer 18

Completely refraining from sexual intercourse.

Pros: 100% effective
Cons: None

Question 19

What is withdrawal?

Answer 19

Pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation.

Pros: Natural (?)
Cons: Low effectiveness

Question 20

What is fertility awareness/rhythm?

Answer 20

Refraining from sexual intercourse during fertile periods. (5 days before - ovulation day)

Pros: Natural (?)
Cons: Low effectiveness