Cell reproduction and the Continuity of Life: Mitosis Flashcards
Test review
What are the 4 stages of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (In order)
What are the details of and processes that occur during interphase?
Cells spend the most time in this phase, preparing. (Is not a phase of mitosis) The nuclear membrane and nucleolus are present, containing DNA in the form of chromatin. Cells synthesize protein (G-1, G-2) and replicate DNA (S) in this phase, the centrioles also replicate.
What happens in prophase?
Centrioles move to opposite cell ends and the nuclear membrane disintegrates. Chromatin condenses into chromatids. Chromatids join to their identical sisters at the centromere. Microtubules form asters around centrioles, which form strands that connect to kinetochores on chromatids. This microtubule network is called the mitotic spindle.
What happens in metaphase?
Mitotic spindle attaches to kinetochores of the sister chromatids and lines the up at the cell’s equator, one chromatid on each side.
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids get pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the mitotic spindle (Process is called karyokinesis). Cytokinesis begins.
What happens in telophase?
Chromatids unfurl into chromatin masses upon reaching ends of cell. Nuclear membrane reforms around each mass, followed by the nucleolus. Mitotic spindle breaks down and cytokinesis ends.
What is Mitosis?
A type of cell division that occurs in somatic (body) cells where chromosomes replicate. The two daughter cells are identical diploid cells to the parent, ensuring that every body cell has identical DNA and number of chromosomes.
What are the functions of the cell cycle?
Growth - Organisms grow by increasing their body’s cell number
Regeneration - Mitosis regenerates injured areas on organisms bodies
Maintaining body functions - Some cells need to be replaced continually as they die (Eg; red blood cells)
What is the cell cycle?
Continuous sequence of growth and division that cells reproduce through. Made up of interphase and mitosis. Certain cells (Immune system) last hours, some last days (stomach cells), and others last years (brain and spine)
What is cytokinesis?
The division of cytoplasm by microtubules at the cell equator to form daughter cells. Microtubules form a furrow which deepens to pinch the cell in half.
What is the difference in mitosis in plants and animals?
1: Animal cell mitosis has centrioles, planet cell mitosis does not have centrioles.
2: Cytokinesis in plant cells is caused by the producing of the cell wall, cytokinesis in animal cells is caused by the tightening of microtubules producing a furrow.
