Cell reproduction and the Continuity of Life: Reproductive Technology to Increase Potential Flashcards
Test review
What are the two types of reproductive technology?
1: Enhancing reproductive potential
2: Reducing reproductive potential
What does it mean to be sterile?
Completely unable to have children.
What does it mean to be infertile?
Will experience difficulty having children.
What are reasons for female infertility?
- Blocked oviducts (PID)
- Failure to ovulate (Hormone or weight issues)
- Endometriosis (Endometrium develops outside uterus)
- Damaged eggs (Environmental factors like toxin or chemical exposure)
What are reasons for male infertility?
- Vas Deferens/Epididymus obstructions (STIs or varicose vein)
- Low sperm count (smoking, alcohol use, overheated testicles)
- High abnormal sperm amounts (toxins, infections, overheating, STIs)
- Erectile dysfunction (vascular disease, nervous system injury, stress, hormone issues, medication, and smoke and alcohol intake)
What are the types of reproductive potential enhancing technologies?
- Artificial insemination
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- In Vitro Maturation (IVM)
- Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
- Superovulation
- Surrogate mother
- Cryopreservation
What is artificial insemination and when is it used?
Collected sperm are concentrated then placed inside a woman’s vagina via syringe.
Used when men have low sperm counts or there is no male partner involved.
What is In Vitro Fertilization and when is it used?
Drugs stimulate the ovaries to mature eggs which are retrieved from matured follicles . They are combined with sperm in petri dishes, where fertilization takes place. The developing embryo gets placed in the uterus.
Used when women have blocked oviducts or men have low sperm count.
What is In Vitro Maturation and when is it used?
Immature eggs are retrieved from follicles and are then treated to mature. No ovary stimulation risks are taken.
Used when women are undergoing IVF.
What is Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer and when is it used?
Eggs and sperm are brought together in the oviduct, not in vitro. Yields higher success rates.
Used for variation on IVF.
What is superovulation and when is it used?
Hormone treatment produces multiple eggs. Women who don’t ovulate at all may receive hormonal treatment to stimulate follicle development and ovulation.
Used when women ovulate rarely or not at all or women are undergoing IVF or GIFT
What is a surrogate mother and when are they used?
An IVF fertilized egg or an artificial insemination sperm are used to impregnate a surrogate mother, a woman contracted to carry the baby.
Used when women can’t bring a baby to term or for unknown causes.
What is cryopreservation and when is it used?
Oocytes and semen are preserved by freezing.
Used by sperm banks or for future sperm storage in event of future sterilization.
