Cell Phys 1

Question 1

Enzymes

Catalyst

Answer 1

Glycoproteins

Catalyst: increase rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction

Lowers free energy of activation required by: 1) add/removing protons (acid-base catalysis) 2) bonding covalently to substrate (covalent catalysis)

Question 2

Oxidoreductase

LDH

Answer 2

Lactate dehydrogenase

Oxidizes lactate - removes H
Reduces NAD+ - give 2 H making NADH

Question 3

Transferase

Answer 3

Catalyzed transfer of C-, N-, or P- containing groups

Phosphotransferase AKA Kinase
Named by the type of molecule it catalyzes, or recipient of the phosphate
Ex. Glucose = glucokinase
Protein = protein kinase

Amino transferase AKA Transaminase
Always have amino acids as substrates
Named according to relevant amino acids

Question 4

Hydrolase

Answer 4

Uses water to break bonds, hydrolitic enzymes

Question 5

Lease

Answer 5

Carboxyl groups split from molecule

Decarboxylase - removes a carboxylic groups and allows a CO2 molecule to form

Question 6

Isomerase

Answer 6

Mutase

Changes shape of molecule but keeps same molecular are formula

Converts a molecule into an isomer of itself

Question 7

Ligase

Answer 7

Sticks stuff together

Question 8

Oxidoreductase

Answer 8

Oxidation: loss of electrons
Reduction: gain of electrons

Takes and H from a substrate and gives it to a NAD+

Usually a reversible reaction, and the enzyme will continue until the products reach equilibrium in the cell