Cell Pathology 6 - Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main cuses of gastritis?

A
  • Chemical agents (drugs)
  • Infectious agents (helicobacter)
  • Immunological reactons (autoimmune)
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2
Q

What does helicobacter cause?

A
  • Redness, swelling and pain (inflammation)
  • Ulcer formation
  • Atrophy
  • Granulomatous inflammation
  • Metaplasia (cells in the stomach contain goblet cells when they usually dont - they contain SI cells)
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3
Q

Define an ulcer

A

An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body - a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal.

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4
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A
  • A particular form of chronic inflammation which shows granuloma formation.
  • This is a cluster of activated macrophages which release cytokines.
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5
Q

What are the causes of granulomatous inflammation?

A
  • Infection (TB or helicobacter)
  • Foreign material
  • Reaction to tumours
  • Immune diseases (Crohns)
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6
Q

What are the two types of ulcer healing?

A
  • Acute ulcers heal with cell regeneration and resolution

- Chronic ulcers repair by connective tissue and scar tissue formation.

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7
Q

What are the three types of plaque in atherosclerosis?

A
  • Asymptomatic stable plaque
  • Symptomatic stable plaque causing inducible ischaemia
  • Unstable plaque with risk of ruptipure and acute ischaemic events.
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8
Q

What are the risks of atherosclerosis?

A
  • Stable angina, demetia, chronic lower limb ischaemia.
  • Myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction
  • Weakening of arterial wall leading to aneurysm formation
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9
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

An abnormal fluid filled bulge of a blood vessel (especially an artery) due to weakening of the vessel wall.

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10
Q

What are the possible outcomes of a coronary artery aneurysm?

A

Rupture or thrombosis.

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