Cell pathology 6- Case studies

Question 1

What is the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori

Answer 1

20% of adults in developed countries

80% of adults in developing countries

Majority (70-80%) are asymptomati`

Question 2

Four complications of Helicobacter pylori

Answer 2

Haemorrhage

Perforation

Obstruction

Cancer

Question 3

Causes of Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophy:

Answer 3

Infection - helicobacter

Chemical - reflux of bile acid from duodenum into the stomach

Autoimmune Gastritis

Question 4

What happens to the gastric mucosa

Answer 4

Gastric mucosa becomes thin and the functional cells shrink

Question 5

3 outcomes of atherosclerosis

Answer 5

Arteries Occludes slowly
Arteries Occludes arteries suddenly
weakens artery walls

Question 6

What can Arteries occluding slowly cause

Answer 6

Angina

Myocardial scarring

Dementia

Claudication

Question 7

What can Arteries occluding Suddenly cause

Answer 7

Plaque rupture –> thrombosis + embolism

Haemorrhages into plaques (MI, stroke, gangrene of the bowel)

Question 8

What can weaking of the arteries cause

Answer 8

Aneurysms

Thick atheromatous plaque in the intima reduces the diffusion of nutrients from inside the wall

Nutrition of the wall is depressed and you get atrophy of the muscle fibres

Muscle fibres are replaced by fibrous tissue