Cell parts Flashcards
Nucleolus
enter for ribosome synthesis and assembly of rRNA. Inside the nucleus.
DNA
Controls Gene Expression. Double stranded helix
RNA
Single stranded genetic material inside nucleus, translated by ribosomes into various proteins
chromatin
package DNA to fit in nucleus, looks like beads on a string
chromosome
thread like structures located in the nucleus, carry genomic information from cell to cell
ribosome
Responsible for protein synthesis
Rough ER
Studded with Ribosomes, plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins
Smooth ER
Synthesizes and stores lipids and steroids
Golgi body
Processes and packages molecules
Golgi Vesicle/ vacuoles
Contains and transports substances in and out of the cell
Cilium
Hair like projections that wave back and forth to propel organism and draw food towards organism.
Peroxisome
Metabolic reactions and breaks down certain substances in liver and kidney
Centriole
Direct the formation of spindle fibers
Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes that help digest food, break down old organelles, and destroy viruses
Cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer that contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Mitochondria
“power house” of the cell. Creates ATP
Cytoplasm
Area between cell membrane that contains cytosol
Flagellum
Used to propel organism forward
Cytoskeleton
Gives cell its shape
How many chromosomes are at the end result of Mitosis?
46
How many chromosomes are at the end result of Meiosis?
23
How many chromosomes are at the end result of interphase?
92
Which process is the division of somatic cells?
Mitosis
Which process is the division of gametes?
Meiosis
Prophase
First stage other aside from interphase Chromosomes cluster together and nucleolus begins to disappear
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers from centrioles
Telophase
Two new nuclei begin to form around chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Cell is split into two new cells
Where does cytoplasm, organelles, etc exist?
intracellularly
Where does blood, and synovial fluid exist?
Extracellularly
Interacts with water, Is the outside of the cell membrane bilayer
Hydrophilic Phosphoric head
Does not interact with water. Lipid tails on the insides of the cell membrane bilayer
Hydrophobic Fatty Acid Tail
Found within the membrane. Helps transport molecules through the membrane
Integral protein
Found on the outside of the membrane. Helps maintain structure
Peripheral protein
Sugar chains that attach to proteins that help identify cells for permeability
Carbohydrate
Lipid structures found in between the lipid tails to help with membrane structure and prevent cell membrane for folding in on itself.
Cholesterol
Water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This means it moves down the concentration gradient.
Passive transport
More water in solution than in cell, what will cell look like and why?
Shriveled cell, water travels to where there is less of it
hypotonic solution, what shape will cell be and why?
the solution has less solute than the cell placed in the solution
Molecules travel through a membrane and the liquid portion is filtered through with the help of hydrostatic pressure or gravity.
Filtration
Smaller molecules are filtered through a membrane
and larger molecules (toxic) are left behind. The
solution with the smaller molecules is cleaned and returned to the body. Used for the kidneys.
Dialysis
Movement from high to low Concentration or down the Concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis
Movement for molecules from high to low concentration until it is evenly distributed in the solution.
Diffusion
A protein channel used to help bring a molecule through from high to low concentration
Facilitate Diffusion
What two components of the cell membrane help identify what goes through the membrane or in other words, allow the cell to selectively permeate?
Carbohydrates and integral proteins
Takes molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration
Active transport
