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Medical anatomy > Cell parts > Flashcards

Cell parts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleolus

A

enter for ribosome synthesis and assembly of rRNA. Inside the nucleus.

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2
Q

DNA

A

Controls Gene Expression. Double stranded helix

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3
Q

RNA

A

Single stranded genetic material inside nucleus, translated by ribosomes into various proteins

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4
Q

chromatin

A

package DNA to fit in nucleus, looks like beads on a string

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5
Q

chromosome

A

thread like structures located in the nucleus, carry genomic information from cell to cell

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6
Q

ribosome

A

Responsible for protein synthesis

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7
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with Ribosomes, plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins

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8
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes and stores lipids and steroids

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9
Q

Golgi body

A

Processes and packages molecules

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10
Q

Golgi Vesicle/ vacuoles

A

Contains and transports substances in and out of the cell

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11
Q

Cilium

A

Hair like projections that wave back and forth to propel organism and draw food towards organism.

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12
Q

Peroxisome

A

Metabolic reactions and breaks down certain substances in liver and kidney

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13
Q

Centriole

A

Direct the formation of spindle fibers

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

Contain digestive enzymes that help digest food, break down old organelles, and destroy viruses

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15
Q

Cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer that contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

“power house” of the cell. Creates ATP

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Area between cell membrane that contains cytosol

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17
Q

Flagellum

A

Used to propel organism forward

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18
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Gives cell its shape

19
Q

How many chromosomes are at the end result of Mitosis?

A

46

20
Q

How many chromosomes are at the end result of Meiosis?

A

23

21
Q

How many chromosomes are at the end result of interphase?

A

92

22
Q

Which process is the division of somatic cells?

A

Mitosis

23
Q

Which process is the division of gametes?

A

Meiosis

24
Q

Prophase

A

First stage other aside from interphase Chromosomes cluster together and nucleolus begins to disappear

25
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

26
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers from centrioles

27
Q

Telophase

A

Two new nuclei begin to form around chromosomes

28
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cell is split into two new cells

29
Q

Where does cytoplasm, organelles, etc exist?

A

intracellularly

30
Q

Where does blood, and synovial fluid exist?

A

Extracellularly

31
Q

Interacts with water, Is the outside of the cell membrane bilayer

A

Hydrophilic Phosphoric head

32
Q

Does not interact with water. Lipid tails on the insides of the cell membrane bilayer

A

Hydrophobic Fatty Acid Tail

33
Q

Found within the membrane. Helps transport molecules through the membrane

A

Integral protein

34
Q

Found on the outside of the membrane. Helps maintain structure

A

Peripheral protein

35
Q

Sugar chains that attach to proteins that help identify cells for permeability

A

Carbohydrate

36
Q

Lipid structures found in between the lipid tails to help with membrane structure and prevent cell membrane for folding in on itself.

A

Cholesterol

37
Q

Water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This means it moves down the concentration gradient.

A

Passive transport

38
Q

More water in solution than in cell, what will cell look like and why?

A

Shriveled cell, water travels to where there is less of it

39
Q

hypotonic solution, what shape will cell be and why?

A

the solution has less solute than the cell placed in the solution

40
Q

Molecules travel through a membrane and the liquid portion is filtered through with the help of hydrostatic pressure or gravity.

A

Filtration

41
Q

Smaller molecules are filtered through a membrane
and larger molecules (toxic) are left behind. The
solution with the smaller molecules is cleaned and returned to the body. Used for the kidneys.

A

Dialysis

42
Q

Movement from high to low Concentration or down the Concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

43
Q

Movement for molecules from high to low concentration until it is evenly distributed in the solution.

A

Diffusion

44
Q

A protein channel used to help bring a molecule through from high to low concentration

A

Facilitate Diffusion

45
Q

What two components of the cell membrane help identify what goes through the membrane or in other words, allow the cell to selectively permeate?

A

Carbohydrates and integral proteins

46
Q

Takes molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration

A

Active transport

Medical anatomy (17 decks)

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