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biology > cell organelles and biomolecules (3) > Flashcards

cell organelles and biomolecules (3) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

every cell surrounded by a plasma membrane can what

A

controls what can and cannot enter the cell

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2
Q

what fluid substance is inside cells

A

cytosol

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3
Q

what does cytosol contain

A

dissolved salts, nutrients, molecules necessary for cell function

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4
Q

what is the cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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5
Q

what are biomolecules?

A

The four branches of biomolecules that make up every living thing on earth

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6
Q

what are the four branches of biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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7
Q

What is a carbohydrate

A

complex carbohydrates made of simple sugars

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8
Q

What are lipids

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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9
Q

What are the proteins as the biomolecule branch

A

Made of amino acids

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10
Q

What are nucleic acids

A

Made of nucleotides

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11
Q

Information about the cell wall

A

Found in plants, algae, fungi and prokaryotes

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12
Q

What is the cell wall made of

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What do cell walls do

A

Provide structural support and protection

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14
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

DNA and mRNA, which controls cell activity

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15
Q

The nucleus has a double what

A

membrane, the nuclear envelope with nuclear pores

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16
Q

What organelle has the most energy in the form of ATP made for the cell to use

A

Mitocondria

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17
Q

The mitochondria contains its own…

A

DNA (mtDNA)

18
Q

The mitochondria has a double…

A

Membrane wall

19
Q

The mitochondria has a fluid…

A

Interior

20
Q

What types of membranes does the mitochondria have?

A

An outer membrane and an inner folded membrane

21
Q

What is a ribosome

A

Sites where protein is made in a cell

22
Q

What 2 cells can ribosomes be found in

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

23
Q

Are ribosomes membrane or non membrane bound cells?

A

Non membrane

24
Q

What are ribosomes made from

A

Protein and rRNA

25
Q

What can happen to a ribosome is eukaryotic cell

A

They can be free floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

What roles do amino acids do

A

Transport
Structure
Regulation
Defence
Catalysts

27
Q

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

1) rough
Due to ribosomes attached to the surface, folds proteins into specific shapes, network of connected membranes
2) smooth
Makes and stores lipids

28
Q

What is the purpose of golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles and sends them to the cell membrane and out of the cell.

29
Q

What is the golgi apparatus sometimes called

A

golgi body or golgi complex

30
Q

What are vesicles produced by?

A

The golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

What does the vesicle do?

A

Transports substances throughout the cell and to the membrane

32
Q

What do chloroplasts contain?

A

They contain chlorophyll, the pigment molecule that absorbs light energy

33
Q

What do chloroplasts use?

A

Light energy, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose

34
Q

Chloroplasts have a double…

A

Membrane surrounding inner stacks of thylakoid membrane called grana

35
Q

What is the fluid in the chloroplast called?

A

stroma

36
Q

What system is the lysosome referred as

A

The digestive system

37
Q

What type of cell are lysosomes specific to

A

animal cells

38
Q

What do lysosomes contain

A

enzymes

39
Q

Where is the broken down material taken from lysosomes

A

Taken in from the outside of the cell and old/damaged cells taken from within. Waste products excreted out of the cell across the membrane.

40
Q

What does the plasma membrane separate?

A

The inside of the cell from the outside environment and controls the entry and exit of molecules

41
Q

All cells are sourounded by what?

A

A plasma membrane made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins

42
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

Plasma membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer. Cholesterol is found in the bilayer.

biology (11 decks)

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