cell organelles and biomolecules (3) Flashcards
every cell surrounded by a plasma membrane can what
controls what can and cannot enter the cell
what fluid substance is inside cells
cytosol
what does cytosol contain
dissolved salts, nutrients, molecules necessary for cell function
what is the cytoplasm
the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
what are biomolecules?
The four branches of biomolecules that make up every living thing on earth
what are the four branches of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
What is a carbohydrate
complex carbohydrates made of simple sugars
What are lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the proteins as the biomolecule branch
Made of amino acids
What are nucleic acids
Made of nucleotides
Information about the cell wall
Found in plants, algae, fungi and prokaryotes
What is the cell wall made of
Cellulose
What do cell walls do
Provide structural support and protection
What does the nucleus contain
DNA and mRNA, which controls cell activity
The nucleus has a double what
membrane, the nuclear envelope with nuclear pores
What organelle has the most energy in the form of ATP made for the cell to use
Mitocondria
The mitochondria contains its own…
DNA (mtDNA)
The mitochondria has a double…
Membrane wall
The mitochondria has a fluid…
Interior
What types of membranes does the mitochondria have?
An outer membrane and an inner folded membrane
What is a ribosome
Sites where protein is made in a cell
What 2 cells can ribosomes be found in
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Are ribosomes membrane or non membrane bound cells?
Non membrane
What are ribosomes made from
Protein and rRNA
What can happen to a ribosome is eukaryotic cell
They can be free floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
What roles do amino acids do
Transport
Structure
Regulation
Defence
Catalysts
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum
1) rough
Due to ribosomes attached to the surface, folds proteins into specific shapes, network of connected membranes
2) smooth
Makes and stores lipids
What is the purpose of golgi apparatus?
Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles and sends them to the cell membrane and out of the cell.
What is the golgi apparatus sometimes called
golgi body or golgi complex
What are vesicles produced by?
The golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum
What does the vesicle do?
Transports substances throughout the cell and to the membrane
What do chloroplasts contain?
They contain chlorophyll, the pigment molecule that absorbs light energy
What do chloroplasts use?
Light energy, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose
Chloroplasts have a double…
Membrane surrounding inner stacks of thylakoid membrane called grana
What is the fluid in the chloroplast called?
stroma
What system is the lysosome referred as
The digestive system
What type of cell are lysosomes specific to
animal cells
What do lysosomes contain
enzymes
Where is the broken down material taken from lysosomes
Taken in from the outside of the cell and old/damaged cells taken from within. Waste products excreted out of the cell across the membrane.
What does the plasma membrane separate?
The inside of the cell from the outside environment and controls the entry and exit of molecules
All cells are sourounded by what?
A plasma membrane made up of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Plasma membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer. Cholesterol is found in the bilayer.
