adaptive immunity and vaccination (9) Flashcards
explain how antibodies are produced
Antibodies are produced by special cells called B cells in our immune system. When germs or viruses enter the body, B cells recognize them and start making antibodies. These antibodies stick to the germs and help our body fight them off.
identify and describe the key components of the humoral response
The humoral response uses B cells to produce antibodies that mark germs for destruction. Helper T cells assist them, and some B cells become memory cells to quickly respond to returning germs.
Explain how an antibody is specific for an antigen
An antibody is specific for an antigen because its shape matches the antigen’s shape, like a key fitting a lock. This allows the antibody to attach and help fight the germ.
Describe immunological memory and the role it plays in building immunity
Immunological memory is how your body remembers germs. When you get sick, your body learns to fight it. If the same germ comes back, your body quickly remembers how to fight it again, so you don’t get sick a second time.
outline the focus of the cell mediated response and the tc cells
The cell-mediated response fights infections inside cells. T cells recognize and activate killer T cells (Tc cells), which destroy infected cells. Some T cells become memory cells for a quicker response if the infection returns.
compare innate and adaptive immunity
Innate immunity is a quick, general defense against germs, while adaptive immunity is slower but specific, using T and B cells that remember germs for better future responses.
define vaccine
A vaccine is a shot that helps your body learn to fight off specific germs, so you don’t get sick from them in the future.
explain the role and advantages of vaccination programs
Vaccination programs protect against diseases by training the body to fight germs. They reduce illness, help vulnerable people, and save money.
outline various types of vaccines
explain the concept and advantage of developing herd immunity in a population
Herd immunity occurs when many people in a community are immune to a disease, making it harder for the disease to spread. The advantage is that it protects those who can’t get vaccinated, keeping everyone safer and potentially eliminating the disease in the community.
define passive and active, artificial and natural immunity
Active immunity is when your body makes its own defenses against a germ, usually after an infection or vaccination.
Passive immunity is when you get ready-made antibodies from another source, like a mother’s milk or an injection.
Natural immunity happens when you get infected by a germ and your body learns to fight it.
Artificial immunity is when you get antibodies or vaccines from medical interventions, like shots.
In short, active and natural immunity involve your body learning to fight germs, while passive and artificial involve getting help from outside sources.
What is the third line of defense
made up of the humoral response, cell mediated response.
The third line of defense is the adaptive immune system. It kicks in when the first two defenses (barriers like skin and general immune responses) aren’t enough. This line of defense uses special cells, like T cells and B cells, that recognize and remember specific germs. It provides a stronger, targeted response to infections and helps protect you in the future.
how do b cells know what antibodies to produce?
B cells produce antibodies by recognizing specific parts of germs called antigens. When they match, the B cells get activated and make antibodies to fight that germ. Each B cell targets different antigens, helping the body fight various infections.
how do antibodies help destroy pathogens?
Antibodies help destroy pathogens by sticking to them and marking them for immune cells to attack. They can also neutralize toxins and stop germs from entering cells, making them crucial for protecting your health.
what is immunological immunity
Immunological immunity is your body’s ability to recognize and fight off germs. It develops after exposure to germs or vaccines, helping your body remember how to defend itself, so it can respond quickly if the same germ returns.
