CELL METABOLISM Flashcards
encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to sustain life, including processes that build molecules (anabolism) and break them down (catabolism) to
provide energy and building blocks.
Cell Metabolism
Cell metabolism encompasses all the ________ _________ that occur within a cell to sustain life,
including processes that build molecules (_______) and break them down (________) to provide energy and building blocks.
chemical reactions, anabolism, catabolism
the sum of all chemical and biochemical
reactions that take place in a cell to sustain life.
Cell metabolism
Cell metabolism is the _____ of all chemical and biochemical reactions that take place in a cell
to ________ ____
sum, sustain, life
_________ _________ are sequences
of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that transform substrates into products.
Metabolic pathways
Metabolic pathways are highly regulated to ensure that cells have ________ ________ and building blocks to function properly.
sufficient energy
TWO MAIN TYPES OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS
- Catabolic Pathways
- Anabolic Pathways
Break down molecules into smaller units. Either oxidized to release energy.
Catabolic pathways
Construct molecules from smaller units.
Anabolic pathways
Anabolic pathways construct molecules from smaller units. This reactions require energy, known as _________ ________.
endergonic process
________ occurs in the Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
the first step in cellular respiration, where glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the first step in ________ _________, where ________ (C6H12O6) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
cellular respiration, glucose
Glycolysis is the process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require ______ (anaerobic).
oxygen
______ ______ occurs in the Mitochondria.
Krebs Cycle
In the Krebs cycle, ______-_____ undergoes a series of reactions that release electrons
and produce energy-rich molecules.
Acetyl-CoA
These two occurs in the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane:
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
ATP Production
The electron carriers (_______ and ________) transfer electrons to the ETC, where energy
is used to pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a
gradient.
NADH, FADH2
The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) transfer electrons to the ____, where energy
is used to pump _______ (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a
_______.
ETC, protons, gradient
The movement of H+ back through ATP synthase generates ATP by _________ ______________
oxidative phosphorylation
In _________ _______, amino acids are linked together to form proteins through translation, which occurs at the ribosome.
Protein Synthesis
In Protein Synthesis, amino acids are linked together to form _______ through ________, which occurs at the ________.
proteins, translation, ribosome
Proteins play critical roles in ____ ________, _______, and ________.
cell structure, enzymes, signaling.
_________ play critical roles in cell structure, enzymes, and signaling.
Proteins
In _____ ________, lipids, including phospholipids and triglycerides, are synthesized from acetyl-
CoA and fatty acids.
Lipid Synthesis
______ are essential for cell membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules.
Lipids
Lipids are essential for _____ __________, _______ _______, and ________ ___________.
cell membranes, energy storage, signaling molecules
____ _________ is an anabolic process required for cell division.
DNA replication
__________ ________ are synthesized from smaller precursors and assembled into DNA.
Nucleotides (A, T, C, G)
DNA replication is an anabolic process required for ____ _________.
cell division
Nucleotides (A, T, C, G) are synthesized from _______ _________ and assembled into DNA.
smaller precursors
