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Unit 2 Cell - 12 Bio > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe cell membrane structure

A

Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobicends facing away it is selectively permeable
Cholesterol throughout
Trans membrane proteins

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2
Q

Functions of cell membrane 5-6

A

Regulate movement of molecules
① transport raw materials into cell
② remove waste from cell(exocytosis)
③ transfer materials produced in cellto outside the cell
④ prevent entry of unwanted molecules
⑤ prevent escape of needed molecules

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3
Q

Is water passable?

A

Water can pass passively and slowly
Uses aquaporins

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4
Q

What can pass through hydrophobic part of cell membrane?

A

Small nonpolar molecules
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Types of cell membrane protein?

A

Carrier channel aquaporins

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6
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Transmembrane (integral) protein to help move neutral water soluble molecules
Eg-glucose
From outside to inside
Specific to larger molecules
Active or passive

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7
Q

Channel proteins

A

Transmembrane (integral) and allows ions to pass through membrane
Less selective
Passive

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8
Q

Aquaporins

A

Special (integral) proteins that help water pass through cell membrane
Passive

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9
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Carbohydrates bonded to proteins serve as markers for attachment to cytoskeleton

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10
Q

Glycolipids

A

Recognition site for molecules to help join cells together to form tissue

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11
Q

What is the purpose to have a carbohydrate attached to cell membrane?

A

Recognition sites for molecules attaching to cell membrane

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12
Q

What are solutions made up of?

A

Solute dissolved in solvent
In cell solvent is always water
Cell solutes are sugars, salts, ions (Na, chloride ion and k or ATP

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13
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Meaning cells do work to ensure more solute On one side of cell membrane
Not always even

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

High to low concentration

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15
Q

Which factors affect solute movement (4)

A

① size
② charge and polarity
③ concentration gradient
④ distance

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16
Q

What are the 3 transport methods?

A

Passive
Active
Bulk membrane

17
Q

Passive transport

A

No energy
① Simple diffusion from high to low until equilibrium reached
② osmosis - movement of water muleules from high to low across semi-permable

18
Q

How is water flow or osmosis determined?

A

Relative water concentration on both sides of thembrune and inability of solute molecules to pass membrane

19
Q

Types of solutions (2)

A

Hypotonic and hypertonic

20
Q

Hypertonic

A

Shrivel and shrink or plasmolysis which shrinks vacuole
Higher concentration of solutes outside
High osmotic pressure

21
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water flows into cell higher solute concentration in cell has low osmotic pressure
Lyse batin plants its turgid

22
Q

Types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion (passive)

23
Q

The cell membrane is

A

Flexible, fluid and dynamic
Cholesterol allows flexibility to allow high and low temps

24
Q

Explain facilities diffusion: carrier and channel protein

A

Carrier: glucose permease, diffusion of glucose
Ion Channel: diffusion of ions

25
Q

Active transport

A

Against concentration gradient low → high
Uses energy ATP (primary) or ions (secondary)

26
Q

What are some examples of special protein pumps

A

Assist with active transport to help stockpile
Kidney cells pump glucose and a. A out of urine into blood
Nerve cells pump Na out and k in to allow nerve cell to fire signal

27
Q

Sodium potassion pump

A
28
Q

Other active transport pumps

A

Proton pumphydrogen: from cytosol → outside uses ATP
Calcium: pumps Ca from cytosol → outside and into vesicles

29
Q

What create voltage/electric charge in a membrane?

A

Unequal distribution of ions

30
Q

Electrochemical gradient

A

Form of stored potential energy stored by cell to do work it is the combined effect of voltage and differences on ion concentration

31
Q

Secondary active transept

A

Works from ions ofprimary active transport
Build of ions

32
Q

Symport

A

Same direction both molecules

33
Q

Antiport

A

Opposite direction

34
Q

What controls what particles are engulfed in phagocytosis

A

Receipts on surface like cholesterol

35
Q

Bulk membrane transport

A

Endocytosis
-Pinocytosis
-Phagocytosis
Exocytosrs

Unit 2 Cell - 12 Bio (7 decks)

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