cell divison Flashcards

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1
Q

function of mitosis

A
  1. growth of multicellular organsims
  2. repair of worn out tissues , replace worn out cells
  3. asexual reporduction
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2
Q

what does homolgous chromosome mean

A

a pair of chromosomes with the same shape, length and order of gene loci.
one chromosome in the pair frm mother and other from father

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3
Q

need for reduction division in meiosis process prior to fertilisation in sexual repro

A
  • gametes with half the numberof chromosomes as parents cells are produced
  • during fertilisation, nuclei of female gamete fuses with nuclei of male gamete to form a zygote with dilpoid number of chromosomes
  • this restores th diploid number of chromosomes to ensurethe number of chromosomes in cells do not double over the generations
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4
Q

haploid meaning

A

haploid cell: 1 set of chromosome
haploid number: 23 chromosomes in cell

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5
Q

diploid meaning

A

diploid cell: 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 frm each parent
diploid number: 46 chromosomes in cell

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6
Q

how meiosis leads to variation

A
  1. Prophase I - crossing over of non sister chromatids of HC to form chiasma -> new combinations of alleles in the chromosome of gametes
  2. metaphase I - independent assortment of HC -> diff combinations of chromosomes in gametes at the end of meiosis
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7
Q

how meiosis leads to variation

A
  1. Prophase I pf meiosis- crossing over of non sister chromatids of HC to form chiasma -> new combinations of alleles in the chromosome of gametes
  2. metaphase I of meiosis - independent assortment of HC -> diff combinations of chromosomes in gametes at the end of meiosisr
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8
Q

role of meiosis

A
  1. produces haploid gametes so that diploid gametes can be restored during fertiliasation - reduction explanation
  2. promoting genetic variation to ensure survival of oragsnism when there are changes to envt - explanantion
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9
Q

fertilisation’s role in promiting genetic variation

A
  • fertilisation is random
    -variations in gametes
  • variation in offspring
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10
Q

the need for the production of genetically identical cells

A

maintai genetic stability:
- 2 udaghter nuclei contain same number of chromosomes and are genetically identical as parent nucleus
- interphase in mitosis - replication of chromosomes
- metaphase in mitosis - random assortemnt of sister chromatids at equator of spindle
- anaphase in mitosis - separation of sister chromatids

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11
Q

mitosis def

A

a form of nuclear division that produces 2 denetically identical daughter nuclei containing the same nuber of chromosome as parent cell

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12
Q

why dna replication in mitosis b=must be precsiely controleld

A
  1. enusres all daughter cells have smame genetic info as parent -> genetically identical
  2. error in replication -> diff DNA strand formed -> mutation -> oassed onto daughter cell -> harmful changes to gene -> produce abnormal proteins
  3. gee mutation -> uncomtrolled cell division -> cancer -> fatal
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13
Q

interphase of mitosis

A
  • replication of DNA
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14
Q

what structures in a cell replicates during interphase

A

chromosome, mutochondria, chloroplasts

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