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Biology 2012-2013 > Cell Division and The Cell Cycle Test > Flashcards

Cell Division and The Cell Cycle Test Flashcards

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1
Q

True of False: Cell Division is basically the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

False

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2
Q

True of False: Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm

A

True

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3
Q

True of False: Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides

A

True

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4
Q

True of False: DNA replication results in identical chromosomes

A

True

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5
Q

True of False: A cell spends most of its life in growth phase 1 of the cell cycle

A

True

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6
Q

True of False: The S checkpoint, just before entry into the S phase, makes the key decision of whether the cell should divide

A

False

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7
Q

True of False: The correct of the cell cycle is G1–>S–>G2–>M

A

True

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8
Q

True of False: Interphase consists of mitosis and cytokinesis

A

False

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9
Q

True of False: In prokaryotic cells, all organelles, such as the golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum divide prior to cell division

A

False

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10
Q

True of False: Bacteria divides cells by binary fusion

A

False

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11
Q

True of False: A mass of abnormal cells are called a tumor

A

True

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12
Q

True of False: Organelles are made during cell growth 2

A

True

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13
Q

True of False: In eukayatic cells DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle

A

True

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14
Q

True of False: If the cell cycle is not regulated then cancer may develop

A

True

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15
Q

True of False: Mitosis occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

False

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16
Q

Vocab: The process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells

A

Cell Division

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17
Q

Vocab:The process in which all the nuclear DNA is copied

A

DNA Replication

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18
Q

Vocab: A repeating series of events that describe the life of a cell

A

Cell Cycle

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19
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle that includes the G1, S and G2 phases

A

Interphase

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20
Q

Vocab:the process by which bacterial cells divide

A

Binary Fission

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21
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle in which DNA is copied

A

Synthase Phase

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22
Q

Vocab: Occurs when the cell cycle in not regulated

A

Cancer

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23
Q

Vocab: Phase of cell cycle in which the cell grows rapidly and performs many metabolic processes

A

Growth Phase 1

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24
Q

Vocab: Phase in the cell cycle in which the cell makes final preparations to divide

A

Growth Phase 2

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25
Q

Vocab: Division of the cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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26
Q

Vocab: An Abnormal amount of cells

A

Tumor

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27
Q

Vocab: The process in which the nucleus of the cell divides

A

Mitosis

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28
Q

True of False: A chromatid is made of two identicle daughter cells

A

False

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29
Q

True of False: There may be thousands of genes in a single chromosome

A

True

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30
Q

True of False: Propahse is the first phase of mitosis

A

True

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31
Q

True of False: Female human cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

A

True

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32
Q

True of False:Mitosis occurs in the following order: Prophase–>Metaphase–>Telophase–>Anaphase

A

False

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33
Q

True of False: The process in which the cell divides is called mitosis

A

True

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34
Q

True of False: During mitosis during DNA exists as chromatin

A

False

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35
Q

True of False: A gene contains the instructions to make a protein

A

True

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36
Q

True of False: Chromosomes form during metaphase

A

False

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37
Q

True of False: Mitosis is the phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle that occurs between DNA replication and the second growth phase

A

False

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38
Q

True of False: Sister Chromatids are identical

A

True

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39
Q

True of False: Chromatids seperate during Anaphase

A

True

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40
Q

True of False: Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins

A

True

41
Q

True of False: Human cells have 64 chromosomes

A

False

42
Q

True of False: Cytokinesis in the final stage of cell division

A

True

43
Q

What is the main difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

A

Chromatin is not condensed and chromosomes are

44
Q

Why do chromosomes look like an X

A

Because they have been copied

45
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA (a specific site on a chromosome) that is responsible for the inheritable characters

46
Q

Vocab: Division of the nucleus

A

Mitosis

47
Q

Vocab: Region of the chromosomes where the sister chromosomes are attached

A

Centromere

48
Q

Vocab: Division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

49
Q

Vocab: Phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids

A

Metaphase

50
Q

Vocab: Coiled Structures Made of DNA and protein

A

Chromosome

51
Q

Vocab: phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide

A

Anaphase

52
Q

Vocab: A segment of DNA with the genetic instructions to make a protein

A

Gene

53
Q

Vocab: Two copies of replicated DNA that make a chromosome

A

Chromatid

54
Q

Vocab: The first and longest phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

55
Q

Vocab: Uncoiled DNA

A

Chromatin

56
Q

Vocab: A pair of the same chromosomes

A

Homologous Chromosomes

57
Q

Vocab: Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin

A

Telophase

58
Q

True Or False:The basic types of reproduction are asexual reproduction, binary reproduction and sexual reproxduction

A

True

59
Q

True Or False: Sexual reproduction always involves two parents

A

True

60
Q

True Or False: Asexual reproduction always involves two parents

A

False

61
Q

True Or False: Meiosis starts with one cell and ends with four

A

True

62
Q

True Or False: “Crossing over” can occur in meiosis 1 and eukaryotes go through meiosis 2

A

False

63
Q

True Or False:A zygote is the first cell of a new organism

A

True

64
Q

True Or False: Meiosis 1 and Mitosis are very similar

A

True

65
Q

True Or False:In humans a gamete will have 23 chromosomes

A

True

66
Q

True Or False: In Binary Fission parents and offspring are identical

A

True

67
Q

True Or False: In sexual reproduction parents and offspring are never identical

A

True

68
Q

True Or False: Gametes are diploids and a zygote is a haploid

A

False

69
Q

True Or False: Egg and Sperm are diploid Gametes

A

False

70
Q

True Or False: Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes

A

True

71
Q

True Or False: Starfish can reproduce by fragmentation - that is a whole new fish can grow from just a single arm

A

True

72
Q

After Meiosis there are….

A

4 Haploid Gametes

73
Q

Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction?

A

Fragmentation

74
Q

Which of the following is true? (1) A zygote is the first cell of a new organism (2) A human zygote has 23 pairs of chromosomes (3) a Zygote is produced through fertilization

A

1 and 3

75
Q

Differences between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 include:

A

How the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis 1 or meiosis 2, the pairing of chromosomes in meiosis 1 but not meiosis 2, the amount of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis 1 or 2 (all of the above)

76
Q

Because of when chromosomes pair up during meiosis, crossing over must occur during….?

A

Prophase 1

77
Q

Homolougous Chromosomes separate during….?

A

Anaphase 1

78
Q

A life cycle in which organisms switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages……

A

Do not exist

79
Q

The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during cell division is known as…..?

A

Independent assortment

80
Q

When Cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells and different chromosomes segregate _____________ of each other

A

Independently

81
Q

Crossing over is the exchange of _______ material between homologous chromosomes

A

genetic

82
Q

A human egg has __ chromosomes

A

23

83
Q

Binary Fission, fragmentation and _______ are types of asexual reproduction

A

Budding

84
Q

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by ____

A

Half

85
Q

A human zygote has __ chromosomes

A

46

86
Q

The ____ life cycle is the simplest life cycle

A

cell

87
Q

Meiosis begins with one cell and ends with _ cells

A

4

88
Q

Male gametes are called _____ and female gametes are a(n) ___ cell

A

Sperm and egg

89
Q

During __________, spindle fibers attach to the paired homologous chromosome

A

Metaphase 1

90
Q

Organisms that have a life cycle with ____ generations switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages

A

Many

91
Q

Sexual reproduction involves _ parents

A

2

92
Q

Mitosis Stages:

A

Occurs in a body cell, which is a diploid cell that undergoes one cell division forming two diploid cells having the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

93
Q

Meiosis Stages:

A

Occurs in a gamete producing cell which is a diploid cell that undergoes two cell division forming 4 haploid cells having half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

94
Q

Define Homologous

A

A pair of chromosomes that correspond in body cells, one chromosome from each pair comes from each parent

95
Q

Define Diploid

A

A cell with both sets of homologous chromosomes (meaning two sets)

96
Q

Define Haploid

A

Containing only one set of chromosomes

97
Q

Define Meiosis

A

The process of that separates homologous pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell, forming a haploid gamete

98
Q

Define Tetrad

A

When alleles can be exchanged between chromatids, a process called crossing over

Biology 2012-2013 (5 decks)

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