Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1100 > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the reasons cell dvide

A

Cell divide for:
Reproduction
Growth of an organism
Replacement of lost cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 broad categories with respect to the cell cycle

A

Cells that do not cycle(have permanent arrest stage). e.g. muscle cells, neurons, RBCs - once differentiated.
Cells that are induced. e.g liver cells, some immune system
Cells that divide regularly. e.g stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structure made of protein and DNA that carry genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Euchromatin

A

Loosely condensed chromatin chromatin, gene rich, and active for transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Highly condensed chromatin structure, gene-poor, and inactive for transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interphase

A

where a cell spend most of its life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mitosis

A

shorter part of a cell life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Sister chromatids(even when duplicated) is one chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Centromere

A

Point where sister chromatids connect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S-Phase (synthesis of new DNA)

A

The centrosome duplicates. The DNA is completely duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

G2 phase

A

The cell grows even more, it prepares for mitosis and makes proteins and organelles. At the end of the G2 phase is now when we are ready for mitosis. The cytoskeleton dismantles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two major stages of a cell cycle(eukaryotic cells)

A

Interphase(duplicating) and mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

G1 phase

A

The duplication starts. cell grows physically larger. This is the longest stage in the cell cycle. Protein synthesis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different steps in interphase

A

G1, S(Synthesis) and G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cohesins

A

These are proteins that hold sister chromatids together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two parts in a M (mitotic) phase

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis(division of the cell)

17
Q

G0 Phase

A

Cells enter the G0 phase when they are not ready to divide. Some cells stay in this stage permanently.

18
Q

Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK)

A

Multifunctional enzyme that help modify target proteins. It requires cyclins to become active.
Cyclin begins to accumulate in G1.

19
Q

Maturation Promotion Factor

A

Universal inducer of M phase. It promotes the entrance into mitosis from G2 phase.
They add phosphate to other proteins that results in the breakdown of nuclear envelope, promotion of chromosome condensation and M- phase events

20
Q

Checkpoints

A

These are signaling pathways of cells

21
Q

What is the importance of cell cycle control?

A

This helps prevent accumulation of mutations in the genome.
Prevent uncontrolled division of cells.

22
Q

What are the three main checkpoint in a cell cycle

A

G1(between G1 and S)
G2(between G2 and M)
M(between M and G1)

23
Q

Neurons and non dividing cells are permanently in G0. True/ False

A

True

24
Q

G1 Checkpoint requirements

A

Is the DNA damaged
Is the cell large enough and are nutrients and energy sufficient
If no, then the cell goes into G0 phase

25
Q

G2 Checkpoint Requirements

A

Successful DNA replication
Undamaged DNA

26
Q

G2 of interphase

A

Centrosomes (already duplicated)
The chromosomes are not condensed
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus present

27
Q

Prophase

A

Centrosomes begin to move to the other side of the cell
Mitotic spindles form from centrosomes
Chromosomes are condensed
There is still the nuclear envelope, but no nucleus

28
Q

Prometaphase

A

Centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell (poles)
nuclear envelope breaks
Mitotic spindle attaches to the ‘kinetochore(centromere +protein)’

29
Q

Metaphase

A

Sister chromatids align at the metaphase phase(middle line)
M checkpoint occurs

30
Q

M checkpoint

A

Makes sure that the sister chromatids are aligned at the metaphase plate(middle line)
make sure sure each mitotic spindle is attached to one sister chromatid
ensures equal distribution of chromosomes into the daughter nuclei (correct separation)

31
Q

What happens if M checkpoint didn’t occur

A

**Aneuploidy(incorrect # of chromosomes) could happen if the M checkpoint didn’t occur

32
Q

Anaphase

A

Daughter chromosomes are dragged to the end of the poles

33
Q

Telophase

A

Separated chromosomes start un-condensing
Nuclear envelope and Nucleus starts to form

34
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the rest of the cell into two daughter cells

35
Q

Prokaryotes divide through binary fission. True/False

A

True

36
Q

Binary fission

A

Asexual reproduction by the separation of body to two new bodies

Biology 1100 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions