Cell Diversity Flashcards
Define cell
Building block of life
Define tissue
Group of cells working together to carry out a particular function
Name some plant tissues and explain their function
- Dermal: For protection, on outer layer of plant - epidermis
- Vascular: Transports materials, xylem - water, phloem - food
- Meristematic - Region of growth by mitosis (tip of root and tip of shoot)
- Ground - Photosynthesis storage, respiration
Label TS of root diagram
N/A
Label LS of root diagram
N/A
Name some animals tissues and explain their function
- Epethelial: Lining of organs
- Muscular: Can contract
- Connective: Surrounds and supports body parts eg. red blood cells, white blood cell, platelets, adipose tissue, cartilage and bone
- Nervous: Carries electrical impulses. Motor and sensory neurons make up nerve tissue
Define tissue culture
Growth of new cells in or on a sterile medium outside the body
Outline two applications of tissue culture
- Adult plant is cut into small pieces
- Cells are grown in a medium to form a clump of cells called a callus
- Transferred to a new medium so cells can develop in to a young plant
- Skin grafts: Stem cells from bone marrow used to grow new skin
- Cancer research
What does in vitro mean?
Outside the body
What does in vivo mean?
Inside the body
Draw a diagram explaining micropropagation
N/A
Define organ
Group of tissues working together to carry out a particular function
Give an example of a plant organ and what tissues it is composed of
Leaf - dermal, ground, and vascular tissue
Give an example of an animal organ and what tissue it is composed of
Heart - cardiac muscle tissue, pericardium membrane, epithelial tissue, blood connective tissue, controlled by nervous tissue. AV and SA nodes are pacemaker
Define system
A group of organs working together to carry out a particular function
What are some examples of systems
Epithelial, skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, reproductive
How are multicellular organisms organised?
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Systems - Organisms
Give an example of how multicellular organisms are organised
Muscle - Cardiac - Heart - Vascular - Human
Name animal tissues and their adaptations to carry out their function
- Epithelial: Closely packed/flattened
- Epidermis: Closely packed/flattened
- Connective: Flexible
- Blood: Mainly water for solvent (or transport)
- Bone: Rigid
- Cartilage: Flexible
- Tendon: Flexible
- Ligament: Flexible
- Nervous: Long (to transfer messages)
- Muscle: Can contract/flexible/presences of many mitochondria
- Adipose: Ability to form (or store) fat droplets
What adaptations to red and white blood cells have to carry out their function?
Red Blood Cells: Small, flexible, bioconcave shape, no nucleus, affinity for oxygen
White Blood Cells: Irregular shape, can change shape
Define micropropagation
Plant breeding - growth of large number of plants from very small plant pieces
What are some benefits of micropropagation?
- Large number produced
- Genetically identical
