Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathoma > Cell Death > Flashcards

Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphologic hallmark of cell death?

A

Loss of nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of loss of the nucleus?

A

Pyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Karyolisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Meaning of
Pyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Karyolisis

A

Pyknosis: Nucleus shrinks
Karyorrhexis: Break down of nucleus into pieces
Karyolisis: Pieces are break down into basic building blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of cell death? Waht types of ell death exist?

A

Necrosis

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of necrosis

A

Death of a large group of cells followed by acute inflammation due to a pathologic process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difference between necrosis and apoptosis

A

Necrosis have an acute inflammation, apoptosis don’t

Necrosis is always pathological, apoptosis can be physiological and pathological.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the 5 types of necrosis

A
  1. Coagulative necrosis
  2. Liquefactive necrosis
  3. Caseous necrosis
  4. Gangrenous Necrosis
  5. Fat necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cause and characteristic of coagulative necrosis

A

Cause: Ischemic infarction
Necrotic tissue remains firm
Cell shape an organ remain the same
Nucleus dissapears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Form of area of infarcted tissue

A

Wedge shaped and pale

***The wedge points to the oclussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of infarction

A

Pale and red infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cause of red infarction and example

A

Blood reenters a loosely organized tissue

ex: Testicle with hemorrhagic infarctation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of necrosis is brain infarction

A

Liquefactive necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where you can find Liquefactive necrosis

A

Brain infarction
Abscess
Pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Necrosis in Pancreatitis

A

Liquefactive necrosis of pancreas

Fat necrosis of peripancreatic fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cell mediates liquefactive necrosis in a brain infarction?

A

Microglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What mediates liquefactive necrosis in an abscess?

A

Enzymes of neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meaning of gangrenous necrosis and classic location

A

Coagulative necrosis that resembles mummified tissue

Loaction: Ischemia in lower limbs (and GI tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

types of gangrenous necrosis

A

Dry and wet gangrene

19
Q

Mechanism of wet gangrene

A
  1. Ischemia in lower limbs (coagulative necrosis)
  2. infection of tissue
  3. liquefactive necrosis.
20
Q

Meaning caseous necrosis

A

Soft, friable necrotic tissue with “cottage cheese like” apperance due to granulomatous inflammation

21
Q

Cause of caseous necrosis

A

TB

Fungal infection

22
Q

characteristic of Fat Necrosis

A

Necrotic adipose tissue with chalky white apperance due to deposition of calcium

23
Q

Definition of Saponification

A

Fatty acids release by trauma or lipase join with calcium

24
Q

Fat necrosis is seen in:

A
  1. Trauma to fat

2. Pancreatitis mediated damage of peripancreatic fat.

25
Q

Examples of dystrophic calcification

A
  1. Saponification

2. Psammoma bodies

26
Q

Difference between dystrophic calcification and metastasic calcification

A

In metastasic calcification the serum calcium or phosphate is elevated whereas in the dystrophic calcification is normal.

27
Q

Definition of metastasic calcification

A

Calcification that occurs in most of the tissue due to elevated calcium or phosphate

28
Q

A mamography reports calcifications. What can be the possible diagnosis

A

Ductal or situs carcinoma

Fat necrosis

29
Q

Meaning of Fibrinoid necrosis

A

Necrotic damage to blood vessel wall

30
Q

Histological finding of fibrinoid necrosiis

A

Bright pink stain

Proteins leak from the vessel

31
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis is characteristic of

A

Malignant HTN

Vasculitis

32
Q

In what circumstances would a 30 year old woman present with fibrinoid necrosis?

A

Pre eclampsia

Fibrinoid necrosis of the placenta blood vessels.

33
Q

Energy dependent, genetically programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

34
Q

Cell that removes apoptotic bodies

A

Macrophages

35
Q

Mechanism of syndactilia

A

Failure in removal of cells during embryogenesis

36
Q

Examples of apoptosis

A
  • Endometrial shedding menstrual cycle
  • Removal of cell in embryogenesis
  • CD8 T cell mediated killing of virally infected cells
37
Q

Describe the process of apoptosis

A
  1. sign of apoptpsis due to activation of caspases
  2. Dying cell shrinks (becomes eosynophilic)
  3. Nucleus condenses and fragments
  4. Apoptotic bodies fall from cell and are removed by Macrophages
38
Q

Function of caspases

A
  1. Activates proteases ( break down cystoskeleton)

2. Activates endonucleases (breaks down DNA so nucleus can shrink)

39
Q

What are the pathways to activate caspases?

A
  1. Intrinsec mithochondrial pathway
  2. Extrinsic receptor ligand pathway
  3. Cytotoxic CD8 T cell pathway
40
Q

Function of BCL2

A

Stabilize mitochondrial membrane so cytochrome C can’t go out

41
Q

What inactivates BCL2?

A

Cellular injury
DNA damage
Decrease of hormone stimulation

42
Q

In the intrinsec mitochondrial pathway what is the signal to activa the apoptosis

A

Cytochrome C

43
Q

Negative selection of T cells is an example of what pathway

A

Extrinsec recepto ligand pathway

- Fas ligand binds FAS death receptor (CD95) on target cell

44
Q

How the CD8 T cell kills infected cells

A
  1. Recognizes antigen in MHC class I and binds
  2. Secretes perforins
  3. Through the pores secretes granzymes and activates caspases

Pathoma (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions