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Cell Biology and Genetics > Cell Death > Flashcards

Cell Death Flashcards

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1
Q

What is apoptosis

A

programed cell death

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2
Q

what is pyknosis

A

when chromatin undergoes condensation reaction

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3
Q

what is karyorrhexis

A

fragmentation of nucleus

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4
Q

what are blebs

A

a small production on the cell surface

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5
Q

what are apoptotic bodies

A

when the cell breaks apart into several vesicles

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6
Q

how do blebs form

A

the separation of the membrane from the cytoskeleton

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7
Q

what is digit formation

A

when apoptosis occurs in the fetus to destroy webbing forming fingers and toes

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8
Q

what can apoptosis protect against - 3

A

infected cells, dna damaged cells, cancer cells

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9
Q

what do regulators do in apoptosis

A

inhibit or initiate apoptosis

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10
Q

what do adapters do in apoptisis

A

activate caspase’s

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11
Q

what does caspase do

A

execute apoptosis

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12
Q

how do capases work

A

targets various cellular components and enzymes

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13
Q

what are caspases also known as

A

cysteine aspartic acid proteases

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14
Q

what are apoptosomes

A

protein complexes that cause apoptosis

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15
Q

how do apoptosomes work

A

activates caspase-9 after a response from the mitochondria

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16
Q

what apoptosis route do toxins take?

A

intrinsic pathway

17
Q

what apoptosis route do fas ligands take?

A

extrinsic route

18
Q

how does perforin activate apoptosis

A

activates caspase 10

19
Q

what capase is in the intrinsic pathway

A

caspase 9

20
Q

what capase is in the extrinsic pathway

A

capase 8

21
Q

what cells does the intrinsic pathway eliminate

A

mitrochondrial damage, absence of growth factors, genotoxic damage (DNA damaged)

22
Q

what pathway does cytochrome C occur in

A

intrinsic pathway

23
Q

what type of apoptotic protein is Bcl-2

A

anti-apoptotic protein - inhibits apoptosis

24
Q

how does Bcl-2 work

A

blocks the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria

25
Q

how does cancer evade apoptosis - 2

A

loss of p53, more Bcl-2

26
Q

what is p53 - 3 roles

A

a tumor supressor that controls the cell cycle, DNA repair, DNA damage

27
Q

how does LFS - Li-Fraumeni syndrome increase the risk of cancer

A

the gene coding for p53 is mutated into p53 loosing its function

28
Q

what is necrosis

A

uncontrolled cell death - cells basically just rip and causes swelling

29
Q

What two proteins initiate apoptosis

A

Bak and Bax

30
Q

What is the name given to an inactive caspase

A

Pro-caspase

31
Q

What caspase is the executioner for all caspases

A

Caspase 3

32
Q

Why does p53 bind to bcl-2

A

To promote apoptosis by stopping cytochrome C

Cell Biology and Genetics (11 decks)

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