Cell Death Flashcards
What is apoptosis
programed cell death
what is pyknosis
when chromatin undergoes condensation reaction
what is karyorrhexis
fragmentation of nucleus
what are blebs
a small production on the cell surface
what are apoptotic bodies
when the cell breaks apart into several vesicles
how do blebs form
the separation of the membrane from the cytoskeleton
what is digit formation
when apoptosis occurs in the fetus to destroy webbing forming fingers and toes
what can apoptosis protect against - 3
infected cells, dna damaged cells, cancer cells
what do regulators do in apoptosis
inhibit or initiate apoptosis
what do adapters do in apoptisis
activate caspase’s
what does caspase do
execute apoptosis
how do capases work
targets various cellular components and enzymes
what are caspases also known as
cysteine aspartic acid proteases
what are apoptosomes
protein complexes that cause apoptosis
how do apoptosomes work
activates caspase-9 after a response from the mitochondria
what apoptosis route do toxins take?
intrinsic pathway
what apoptosis route do fas ligands take?
extrinsic route
how does perforin activate apoptosis
activates caspase 10
what capase is in the intrinsic pathway
caspase 9
what capase is in the extrinsic pathway
capase 8
what cells does the intrinsic pathway eliminate
mitrochondrial damage, absence of growth factors, genotoxic damage (DNA damaged)
what pathway does cytochrome C occur in
intrinsic pathway
what type of apoptotic protein is Bcl-2
anti-apoptotic protein - inhibits apoptosis
how does Bcl-2 work
blocks the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria
how does cancer evade apoptosis - 2
loss of p53, more Bcl-2
what is p53 - 3 roles
a tumor supressor that controls the cell cycle, DNA repair, DNA damage
how does LFS - Li-Fraumeni syndrome increase the risk of cancer
the gene coding for p53 is mutated into p53 loosing its function
what is necrosis
uncontrolled cell death - cells basically just rip and causes swelling
What two proteins initiate apoptosis
Bak and Bax
What is the name given to an inactive caspase
Pro-caspase
What caspase is the executioner for all caspases
Caspase 3
Why does p53 bind to bcl-2
To promote apoptosis by stopping cytochrome C
