Cell Cycles & Division Flashcards
Define diploid
2 copies of each chromosome in a cell
Define haploid
1 copy of each chromosome (gametes)
What are the stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telephase
- Cytokinesis
What are the stages of meiosis?
- Prophase 1
- Metaphase 1
- Anaphase 1
- Telephase 1
- Cytokinesis 1
- Prophase 2
- Metaphase 2
- Anaphase 2
- Telephase 2
- Cytokinesis 2
Describe the Prophase stage of mitosis
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
Describe the Metphase stage of mitosis
Chromosomes align in the centre of the cell
Describe the anaphase stage of mitosis
The sister chromatids are pulled apart to either pole of the cell by spindle fibres
Describe the Telephase stage of mitosis
Cell membrane starts to form a clevage burrow with equal sister chromatids on either side of the cell
Describe the Cytokinesis stage of mitosis
The cell spilts to form 2 daughter cells
Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis = 2 daughter cells, genetically identical, divides once, all over body
Meiosis = 4 haploid cells, genetically different, divides twice, reproduction, less mass
What’s the equation for mitotic index?
(number of cells in P or M or A or T / total number of cells) x100
What causes genetic variation?
Sexual reproduction
What is the function of proto-oncogenes?
Codes for proteins that regulate the cell cycle
What happens if the proto-oncogenes get damaged?
Mutations arise that stop regulation of cell cycle, the damaged genes are called oncogenes and causes the cell to divide uncontrollably
