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Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.

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2
Q

What’s a polymer?

A

A large molecule created by bonding

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3
Q

What’s the formula for alpha glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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4
Q

What are the bonds between 2 monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic bonds

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5
Q

What cmponetns make the disaccharide Maltose?

A

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

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6
Q

What components is the disaccharide Sucrose made from?

A

alpha glucose + fructose

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7
Q

What components make the disaccharide Lactose?

A

alpha glucose + galactose

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8
Q

List details about monosaccharides

A
  • small
  • soluble
  • easily diffuse across membranes
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9
Q

List details of polysaccharides

A
  • large but compact
  • insoluble
  • can’t diffuse across membranes
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10
Q

What is the structure of the starch amylase?

A
  • one straight chain
  • 1,4 glycosidic
  • forms a helical structure
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11
Q

What is the structure of the starch amylopectin?

A
  • very branched
  • 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
  • cross linked
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12
Q

What’s the structure of the starch Cellulose?

A
  • beta glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • weak bonds between layers
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13
Q

What’s the difference between amylose and cellulose?

A

amylose = DNA loops
cellulose = no loops, linear and weak hydrogen bonds between rows

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14
Q

What is the food test for reducing sugars?

A

Benedicts reagent
Blue to Brick red
CuSO4 -> Cu2O

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15
Q

What’s the test for lipids?

A

Ethanol + Water in equal volumes
White cloudy emulsion

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16
Q

What’s the test for protein?

A

Bruiret reagent
Blue to purple

17
Q

What’s the primary structure of proteins?

A
  • sequences of amino acids
  • coded for 3 bases of DNA code for 1 amino acids
18
Q

What’s the secondary structure for proteins?

A

alpha helix and beta pleeted sheets

19
Q

What’s the tertiary structure of proteins?

A
  • hydrogen bonds
  • hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
  • ionic bonds
  • disulfide bridge
20
Q

What’s the quarternary structure of proteins?

A

2 or more polypeptide bonds

21
Q

List details of triglycerides

A
  • storage lipid
  • low mass to energy ratio
  • insoluble in water
  • thermal insulation
  • protection
  • metabolic water
22
Q

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

saturated = c - c bonds, tightly packed
unsaturated = c=c bonds, bends

Biology (10 decks)

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