Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.
What’s a polymer?
A large molecule created by bonding
What’s the formula for alpha glucose?
C6H12O6
What are the bonds between 2 monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
What cmponetns make the disaccharide Maltose?
alpha glucose + alpha glucose
What components is the disaccharide Sucrose made from?
alpha glucose + fructose
What components make the disaccharide Lactose?
alpha glucose + galactose
List details about monosaccharides
- small
- soluble
- easily diffuse across membranes
List details of polysaccharides
- large but compact
- insoluble
- can’t diffuse across membranes
What is the structure of the starch amylase?
- one straight chain
- 1,4 glycosidic
- forms a helical structure
What is the structure of the starch amylopectin?
- very branched
- 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- cross linked
What’s the structure of the starch Cellulose?
- beta glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- weak bonds between layers
What’s the difference between amylose and cellulose?
amylose = DNA loops
cellulose = no loops, linear and weak hydrogen bonds between rows
What is the food test for reducing sugars?
Benedicts reagent
Blue to Brick red
CuSO4 -> Cu2O
What’s the test for lipids?
Ethanol + Water in equal volumes
White cloudy emulsion
What’s the test for protein?
Bruiret reagent
Blue to purple
What’s the primary structure of proteins?
- sequences of amino acids
- coded for 3 bases of DNA code for 1 amino acids
What’s the secondary structure for proteins?
alpha helix and beta pleeted sheets
What’s the tertiary structure of proteins?
- hydrogen bonds
- hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
- ionic bonds
- disulfide bridge
What’s the quarternary structure of proteins?
2 or more polypeptide bonds
List details of triglycerides
- storage lipid
- low mass to energy ratio
- insoluble in water
- thermal insulation
- protection
- metabolic water
What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
saturated = c - c bonds, tightly packed
unsaturated = c=c bonds, bends
