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Honors Biology > Cell Cycle Total > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Total Flashcards

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1
Q

A membranous sac that helps remove excess water out of fresh water protists

A

Contractile Vacuole

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2
Q

Short, hair-like appendages the move to push fluid

A

Cilia

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3
Q

A long, whip-like cellular appendage specialized for movements

A

Flagella

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4
Q

Cellular extensions of amoebic cells that is used for movement and feeding.

A

Pseudopods

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5
Q

Unlike Pseudopods, other unicellular organisms use _ or _ for movement

A

Cilia or Flagella

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6
Q

A light sensitive, pigmented spot that detects light response to the environment

A

Eyespot

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7
Q

The movement toward or away from a stimulus

A

Taxis

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8
Q

Something that causes a response

A

Stimulus

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9
Q

The movement of an organism toward or away a chemical

A

Chemotaxis

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10
Q

The movement of an organism toward or away a light

A

Phototaxis

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11
Q

The primary cell of the nervous system. They conduct signals from one place to another

A

Neuron(s)

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12
Q

The type of cell responsible for all types of movement. They have the protein fibers actin and myosin that work to allow the muscle to contract

A

Muscle Cell

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13
Q

The most numerous type of cell in the blood. Contains hemoglobin, the protein molecule that transports oxygen

A

Red Blood Cell

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14
Q

The male gamete cell. It has one half the DNA as regular body cells

A

Sperm

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15
Q

Tissue type, made mostly of tubular cells that conduct water and nutrients up from the roots to the rest of the plant. (Not a cell type)

A

Xylem

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16
Q

Tissue in vascular plants made of living cell that transports carbs throughout the cell. (Not a cell type)

A

Phloem

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17
Q

Order of hierarchy of Cell/Organ

A

Cell/Tissue/Organ/Organ System

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18
Q

Sperm and egg fuse creating a _

A

Zygote

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19
Q

A fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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20
Q

The process by which a cell becomes specialized in a structure and function

A

Differentiation

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21
Q

A relatively specialized cell that can reproduce itself indefinitely and under appropriate conditions can differentiate into specialized cells

A

Stem Cell

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22
Q

Cells obtained from an embryo when it is still only a few days old

A

Embryonic Stem Cell

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23
Q

These cells can differentiate into any cell in the body

A

Embryonic Stem Cell

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24
Q

Undifferentiated cells found throughout the body. They divide to 1) Replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues

A

Adult Stem Cell

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25
Q

Has stem cells the cells in blood, including red blood cells

A

Red Bone Marrow

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26
Q

Chromosomes condense; nucleus breaks down; mitotic spindle forms

A

Prophase

27
Q

Chromosomes are lined up @ middle of the cell

A

Metaphase

28
Q

Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell

A

Anaphase

29
Q

Genetically identical daughter nuclei form @ opposite ends of the cell

A

Telophase

30
Q

About 90% of the cell cycle

A

Interphase

31
Q

3 phases of cell cycle

A

g1, synthesis, g2

32
Q

Chromosomes are duplicated

A

Synthesis (phase)

33
Q

Growth phase before synthesis

A

g1

34
Q

Growth phase after synthesis

A

g2

35
Q

Overlaps later stages of mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

36
Q

The division of the DNA, chromosomes in the nucleus

A

Mitosis

37
Q

The division of the cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

38
Q

Eukaryotic Mitotic Phase consists of _

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

39
Q

Subunits of the mitotic spindle

A

Amino Acids

40
Q

A structure made of protein and helps the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

A

Mitotic Spindle

41
Q

Best distinguishes things from the non-living matter

A

The ability to reproduce

42
Q

The continuity of life based on the reproduction of cells

A

Cell Division

43
Q

_ depend on cell division for reproduction, growth, development of a fertilized cell, and repair

A

Multicellular Organisms

44
Q

In _ division of one cell reproduces the entire organism

A

Unicellular Organisms

45
Q

Most cell division results in

A

daughter cells with identical genetic info

46
Q

Exception to producing daughter cells will identical genetic info

A

Meiosis

47
Q

Produces sperm and egg cells

A

Meiosis

48
Q

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s

A

Genome

49
Q

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism

A

Genome

50
Q

A genome can consist of

A

a single DNA molecule (common with prok. cells) OR a number of DNA molecules (common in euk. cells)

51
Q

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into

A

Chromosomes

52
Q

A single, very long molecule of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division

A

Eukaryotic Chromosomes

53
Q

Every euk. species has a characteristic

A

number of chromosomes

54
Q

In preparation for cell division, _

A

DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense

55
Q

Each duplicated chromosome has

A

2 sister chromatids connected by the centromere

56
Q

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce by a type of cell division called

A

Binary Fission

57
Q

The chromosome replicates, and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart in

A

Binary Fission

58
Q

In binary fission,

A

the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart, and the plasma membrane pinches inward, dividing the cell into two

59
Q

_ do not respond normally to the body’s control mechansisms

A

Cancer Cells

60
Q

_ occurs when cells loose the ability to control the cell cycle and as a result divide uncontrollably

A

Cancer

61
Q

Cancer occurs when _

A

cells loose the ability to control the cell cycle and as a result divide uncontrollably

62
Q

A normal cell is converted to a cancerous cell by a process called

A

Transformation

63
Q

If abnormal cells remain at the original site, the lump is called a

A

Benign Tumor

64
Q

_ invade surrounding tissues

A

Malignant Tumors

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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