Cell Cycle Total Flashcards
A membranous sac that helps remove excess water out of fresh water protists
Contractile Vacuole
Short, hair-like appendages the move to push fluid
Cilia
A long, whip-like cellular appendage specialized for movements
Flagella
Cellular extensions of amoebic cells that is used for movement and feeding.
Pseudopods
Unlike Pseudopods, other unicellular organisms use _ or _ for movement
Cilia or Flagella
A light sensitive, pigmented spot that detects light response to the environment
Eyespot
The movement toward or away from a stimulus
Taxis
Something that causes a response
Stimulus
The movement of an organism toward or away a chemical
Chemotaxis
The movement of an organism toward or away a light
Phototaxis
The primary cell of the nervous system. They conduct signals from one place to another
Neuron(s)
The type of cell responsible for all types of movement. They have the protein fibers actin and myosin that work to allow the muscle to contract
Muscle Cell
The most numerous type of cell in the blood. Contains hemoglobin, the protein molecule that transports oxygen
Red Blood Cell
The male gamete cell. It has one half the DNA as regular body cells
Sperm
Tissue type, made mostly of tubular cells that conduct water and nutrients up from the roots to the rest of the plant. (Not a cell type)
Xylem
Tissue in vascular plants made of living cell that transports carbs throughout the cell. (Not a cell type)
Phloem
Order of hierarchy of Cell/Organ
Cell/Tissue/Organ/Organ System
Sperm and egg fuse creating a _
Zygote
A fertilized egg
Zygote
The process by which a cell becomes specialized in a structure and function
Differentiation
A relatively specialized cell that can reproduce itself indefinitely and under appropriate conditions can differentiate into specialized cells
Stem Cell
Cells obtained from an embryo when it is still only a few days old
Embryonic Stem Cell
These cells can differentiate into any cell in the body
Embryonic Stem Cell
Undifferentiated cells found throughout the body. They divide to 1) Replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues
Adult Stem Cell
Has stem cells the cells in blood, including red blood cells
Red Bone Marrow
Chromosomes condense; nucleus breaks down; mitotic spindle forms
Prophase
Chromosomes are lined up @ middle of the cell
Metaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
Genetically identical daughter nuclei form @ opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
About 90% of the cell cycle
Interphase
3 phases of cell cycle
g1, synthesis, g2
Chromosomes are duplicated
Synthesis (phase)
Growth phase before synthesis
g1
Growth phase after synthesis
g2
Overlaps later stages of mitosis
Cytokinesis
The division of the DNA, chromosomes in the nucleus
Mitosis
The division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
Eukaryotic Mitotic Phase consists of _
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Subunits of the mitotic spindle
Amino Acids
A structure made of protein and helps the movement of chromosomes during mitosis
Mitotic Spindle
Best distinguishes things from the non-living matter
The ability to reproduce
The continuity of life based on the reproduction of cells
Cell Division
_ depend on cell division for reproduction, growth, development of a fertilized cell, and repair
Multicellular Organisms
In _ division of one cell reproduces the entire organism
Unicellular Organisms
Most cell division results in
daughter cells with identical genetic info
Exception to producing daughter cells will identical genetic info
Meiosis
Produces sperm and egg cells
Meiosis
All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s
Genome
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
Genome
A genome can consist of
a single DNA molecule (common with prok. cells) OR a number of DNA molecules (common in euk. cells)
DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into
Chromosomes
A single, very long molecule of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Every euk. species has a characteristic
number of chromosomes
In preparation for cell division, _
DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense
Each duplicated chromosome has
2 sister chromatids connected by the centromere
Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce by a type of cell division called
Binary Fission
The chromosome replicates, and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart in
Binary Fission
In binary fission,
the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart, and the plasma membrane pinches inward, dividing the cell into two
_ do not respond normally to the body’s control mechansisms
Cancer Cells
_ occurs when cells loose the ability to control the cell cycle and as a result divide uncontrollably
Cancer
Cancer occurs when _
cells loose the ability to control the cell cycle and as a result divide uncontrollably
A normal cell is converted to a cancerous cell by a process called
Transformation
If abnormal cells remain at the original site, the lump is called a
Benign Tumor
_ invade surrounding tissues
Malignant Tumors
