cell cycle & Cell division

Question 1

what is a cell?

Answer 1

atoms combining to make molecules
some molecules form into cellular organelles which are functioning structures within a cell

Question 2

cell life cycle phases

Answer 2

interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis
cytokenisis

Question 3

Reproduction of cells vs organisms

Answer 3

cellular reproduction
- asexual reproduction
- 1 parent
- one cell divides into 2

Organism reproduction
- sexual reproduction
- 2 parents
- have teh genes come from one parent and other one from the other

Question 4

cell division occurs when..

Answer 4

• replacing damaged cells
• need to increase cell population
• when cells get to big an dcant function properly

Question 5

diffusion vs osmosis

Answer 5

diffusion:
moving of cells from an area of high concentrayion to low concentration so they are more spread out

Osmosis:
movement of water molecules so that they are in even concentration

Question 6

3 examples of osmosis in plant cells

Answer 6

the amount of water going inside the cell
ISOTONIC: equal amount of water going in and coming out
HYPOTONIC: more water inside and less coming out
HYPERTONIC: water going in and too much leaving

Question 7

problem with large cells

Answer 7

as the cell gets bigger, it needs more nutrients an oxygen to live whch takes up space and makes more waste

Question 8

mitosis and cytokenisis

Answer 8

mitosis: when the duplicated parts of the cell splits into 2 nuclear membrains

cytokenis: the cell physical splits into 2

Question 9

DNA replication

Answer 9

all teh chromosones must be duplicated before dividing cell

Question 10

sister chromatids

Answer 10

2 duplicate chromosones held togetehr by a centromere

Question 11

interphase?

Answer 11

longest phase in cell cycle
DNA replication occurs
3 stages

Question 12

4 steps in mitosis and description

Answer 12

prophase:
when the nuclear membrane starts to break down
the chromosomes get attached to spindle fibres that come out of centroiles

metaphase:
chromasones form in a straight line and are connected to spindle fibres from both sids
nuclear membrane is gone

Anophase:
the spindle fibres pull apart teh chromosomes into sister chromatics and end up on opposite sides of the cell

telophase:
the spindle fibres come of and start to dissapear
the 2 nuclear membrane starts to form around the chromatids

Question 13

cytokines

Answer 13

begins before telophase is completed
the cell breaks into two

Question 14

PLANT CELL DIFFERENCE IN MITOSIS?

Answer 14

instead of 2 different cells there is a cell wall built in between the 2 cells caused by vesicles making a cell plate

Question 15

cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 15

G1 checkpoint:
- checks for DNA damage, lacking nutrients for Growth

G2 checkpoint
- DNA is not replicated or damaged

Metaphase checkpoint
- the spindle fibres are not attached

Question 16

G1, S, G2?

Answer 16

G1(growth)
- cell components excluding the DNA and chromosomes are replicated

S:
- the chromosones and DNA is duplicated

G2:
- double checks to make sure there are no errors or need to make repairs

Question 17

Tumours vs Cancer

Answer 17

Tumour: rapid abnormal growth of cells
Cancer: rapid abnormal growth of cells that spread to other parts of the body