cell cycle and mitosis

Question 1

G0 phase

Answer 1

non-cyclers/period when cells express their differentiated function

Question 2

G1-s phase transition

Answer 2

important control point determining whether or not the cell enters S phase

Question 3

S phase

Answer 3

replication of DNA and RNA protein. the duplicated chromosomes are called sister chromatids.

Question 4

G2 phase

Answer 4

final preparations for mitosis

Question 5

prophase

Answer 5

chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. each chromosome is 2 sister chromatids joined at centromeres. centrioles duplicate, move to opposite poles, act as microtubule-organising centres (MOTs). microtubules form the mitotic spindle apparatus between the spindles

Question 6

prometaphase

Answer 6

nucleoli regress and nuclear membranes disassemble. chromosomes move to equator and interact with microtubules. each pair of sister chromatids has an attachment site called a kinetochore, which attach to the spindle fibres

Question 7

metaphase

Answer 7

equatorial region of cell forms metaphase plate, the chromosomes arrange on plate as 2 sister chromatids. spindle microtubules run to centromeres of sister chromatids and attached at kinetochores

Question 8

anaphase

Answer 8

microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, which move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 9

telophase

Answer 9

chromosomes reach poles and decondense. nuclear membrane reassembles. a cleavage furrow begins around the equator. spindle disappears. nucleoli reappear