Cell Cycle and Cell Division Flashcards
Why is cell division so important?
For the continuity of life, passes genetic information to the next generation, universal, unicellular to multicellular
what is the aim of mitosis
to produce to genetically identical daughter cells
what type of reproduction occurs in mitosis
asexual
what type of reproduction occurs in meiosis
sexual
what is interphase in the cell cycle
the resting phase
what does diploid mean
diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes one from each parent. in humans, cells other than the human sex cells are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes
what does homologous mean
homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical. each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same
list the stages of the cell cycle
g1, 2 phase, g2 and m phase
what does g1 stand for
growth phase 1
what does s phase stand for
dna synthesis phase
what does g2 stand for
growth phase 2
what does m phase stand for
mitosis
what generally happens in the g1 phase, four points
- general dna checking/repair, 2. synthesis of rna and protein, 3. generation of new organelles 4. increase in cell size
what is the overall aim of the g1 phase
to recover from mitosis and to prepare for the s phase
what is the overall aim of the s phase
to replicate the genome
what occurs during the s phase
DNA synthesis takes place and chromosome duplication
what is a karyotype
a karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. the term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or individual organism
what does karyotyping show you
species variation, size shape, position of centromere
what could alterations of the karyotype lead to
genetic disorders
what is the overall aim of the g2 phase
to prepare for mitosis
what does g2 stand for
growth phase 2
what occurs in g2, list four things
- second round of dna proof reading 2. rna and protein synthesis resumes 3. cell confirms the number of chromosomes and the organelles present 4. micrutubule synthesis
what is a microtubule
a filamentous intracellular structure that is responsible for various kinds of movement in eukaryotic cells
what occurs in the m phase, three things
division of sister chromatids, division of the nucleus, division of the cytoplasm
what is the division of the cytoplasm called
cytokinesis
what are the daughter cells like after the m phase of mitosis
they are genetically identical
