Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Question 1

Why is cell division so important?

Answer 1

For the continuity of life, passes genetic information to the next generation, universal, unicellular to multicellular

Question 2

what is the aim of mitosis

Answer 2

to produce to genetically identical daughter cells

Question 3

what type of reproduction occurs in mitosis

Answer 3

asexual

Question 4

what type of reproduction occurs in meiosis

Answer 4

sexual

Question 5

what is interphase in the cell cycle

Answer 5

the resting phase

Question 6

what does diploid mean

Answer 6

diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes one from each parent. in humans, cells other than the human sex cells are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 7

what does homologous mean

Answer 7

homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical. each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same

Question 8

list the stages of the cell cycle

Answer 8

g1, 2 phase, g2 and m phase

Question 9

what does g1 stand for

Answer 9

growth phase 1

Question 10

what does s phase stand for

Answer 10

dna synthesis phase

Question 11

what does g2 stand for

Answer 11

growth phase 2

Question 12

what does m phase stand for

Answer 12

mitosis

Question 13

what generally happens in the g1 phase, four points

Answer 13

1. general dna checking/repair, 2. synthesis of rna and protein, 3. generation of new organelles 4. increase in cell size

Question 14

what is the overall aim of the g1 phase

Answer 14

to recover from mitosis and to prepare for the s phase

Question 15

what is the overall aim of the s phase

Answer 15

to replicate the genome

Question 16

what occurs during the s phase

Answer 16

DNA synthesis takes place and chromosome duplication

Question 17

what is a karyotype

Answer 17

a karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. the term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or individual organism

Question 18

what does karyotyping show you

Answer 18

species variation, size shape, position of centromere

Question 19

what could alterations of the karyotype lead to

Answer 19

genetic disorders

Question 20

what is the overall aim of the g2 phase

Answer 20

to prepare for mitosis

Question 21

what does g2 stand for

Answer 21

growth phase 2

Question 22

what occurs in g2, list four things

Answer 22

1. second round of dna proof reading 2. rna and protein synthesis resumes 3. cell confirms the number of chromosomes and the organelles present 4. micrutubule synthesis

Question 23

what is a microtubule

Answer 23

a filamentous intracellular structure that is responsible for various kinds of movement in eukaryotic cells

Question 24

what occurs in the m phase, three things

Answer 24

division of sister chromatids, division of the nucleus, division of the cytoplasm

Question 25

what is the division of the cytoplasm called

Answer 25

cytokinesis

Question 26

what are the daughter cells like after the m phase of mitosis

Answer 26

they are genetically identical