Cell Compartmentation Flashcards
What cells contain membranes?
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
What are the three compartments of prokaryotic cells?
extracellular, intracellular and plasma membrane
What cells do not have distinct intracellular organelles?
prokaryotic cells
what cells have many distinct intracellular organelles and a membrane?
eukaryotic cells
What creates intracellular compartmentation in eukaryotic cells?
subcellular membranes
what is a compartment of a cell?
a fraction of the cellular volume that is separated physically and functionally from the remainder of the cell by a MEMBRANE
what two parts of the cell contain extensive membrane surface areas?
rough ER and inner mitochondrial membrane
How do you obtain subcellular organelles?
differential centrifugation
The outer nuclear membrane and inner nuclear membrane are joined by what complex?
nuclear pore complex
What is the main function of the nuclear pore complex?
permit passive flow of small molecules between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
what is the most extensive membrane system of the cell?
endoplasmic reticulum
What cells are abundant in the sER?
liver hepatocytes and hormone producing cells of the adrenal cortex
What cells contain large amount of smooth ER?
the leydig cells of the testes which synthesize and secrete lipid containing hormones such as testosterone
What is the function of porins on mitochondria?
creates permeability for molecules of about 10 kd or less
What are the characteristics of mitochondria inner membrane?
tightly packed and freely permeable to small molecules, contains all complexes of the ETC, the ATP synthetase complex, and transport proteins
What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?
greatly increases the total surface area of the inner membrane
Cells that use a lot of energy will have an abundance of what?
mitochondria with cristae
What is the major lipid component (20%) in the mitochondrial inner membrane?
cardiolipin (CL)
What component of lysosomes have low pH values?
hydrolases
Products resulting from lysosomal digestion by hydrolases?
lipases, proteases, nucleases, and glycosidases
what does the golgi add to proteins for trafficking to lysosomes?
maannose-6-phosphate
What is Mucolipidosis II (MLII)?
also called I cell disease and is a genetic, metabolic and lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase.
patients are not able to add phosphate to mannose to make maannose-6-phosphate on glycoproteins in the golgi which causes the glycoproteins to be secreted extracellular rather than to lysosomes. As a result the patient is unable to breakdown mucolipids
Proteins and lipids (glycolipids and sphingomyelins) are transported via what?
vesicles
Vesicle transport occurs along what?
microtubules
What are examples of vesicle trafficking proteins?
COP1, COPII, clathrin, COP
Microfilaments are made of?
actin
Intermediate filaments are made of?
certain proteins
microtubules are made of?
polymers of tubulin
Where does glycolysis occur?
the cytosol
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
mitochondrial matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ?
the inner mitochondrial membrane
What are the rate determining enzymes for cellular respiration?
phosphofructokinasae-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase
