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Dental Biochemistry Exam 1 > Cell Compartmentation > Flashcards

Cell Compartmentation Flashcards

1
Q

What cells contain membranes?

A

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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2
Q

What are the three compartments of prokaryotic cells?

A

extracellular, intracellular and plasma membrane

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3
Q

What cells do not have distinct intracellular organelles?

A

prokaryotic cells

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4
Q

what cells have many distinct intracellular organelles and a membrane?

A

eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

What creates intracellular compartmentation in eukaryotic cells?

A

subcellular membranes

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6
Q

what is a compartment of a cell?

A

a fraction of the cellular volume that is separated physically and functionally from the remainder of the cell by a MEMBRANE

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7
Q

what two parts of the cell contain extensive membrane surface areas?

A

rough ER and inner mitochondrial membrane

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8
Q

How do you obtain subcellular organelles?

A

differential centrifugation

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9
Q

The outer nuclear membrane and inner nuclear membrane are joined by what complex?

A

nuclear pore complex

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10
Q

What is the main function of the nuclear pore complex?

A

permit passive flow of small molecules between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

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11
Q

what is the most extensive membrane system of the cell?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

What cells are abundant in the sER?

A

liver hepatocytes and hormone producing cells of the adrenal cortex

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13
Q

What cells contain large amount of smooth ER?

A

the leydig cells of the testes which synthesize and secrete lipid containing hormones such as testosterone

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14
Q

What is the function of porins on mitochondria?

A

creates permeability for molecules of about 10 kd or less

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of mitochondria inner membrane?

A

tightly packed and freely permeable to small molecules, contains all complexes of the ETC, the ATP synthetase complex, and transport proteins

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16
Q

What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

A

greatly increases the total surface area of the inner membrane

17
Q

Cells that use a lot of energy will have an abundance of what?

A

mitochondria with cristae

18
Q

What is the major lipid component (20%) in the mitochondrial inner membrane?

A

cardiolipin (CL)

19
Q

What component of lysosomes have low pH values?

A

hydrolases

20
Q

Products resulting from lysosomal digestion by hydrolases?

A

lipases, proteases, nucleases, and glycosidases

21
Q

what does the golgi add to proteins for trafficking to lysosomes?

A

maannose-6-phosphate

22
Q

What is Mucolipidosis II (MLII)?

A

also called I cell disease and is a genetic, metabolic and lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase.

patients are not able to add phosphate to mannose to make maannose-6-phosphate on glycoproteins in the golgi which causes the glycoproteins to be secreted extracellular rather than to lysosomes. As a result the patient is unable to breakdown mucolipids

23
Q

Proteins and lipids (glycolipids and sphingomyelins) are transported via what?

A

vesicles

24
Q

Vesicle transport occurs along what?

A

microtubules

25
Q

What are examples of vesicle trafficking proteins?

A

COP1, COPII, clathrin, COP

26
Q

Microfilaments are made of?

A

actin

27
Q

Intermediate filaments are made of?

A

certain proteins

28
Q

microtubules are made of?

A

polymers of tubulin

29
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

the cytosol

30
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

31
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ?

A

the inner mitochondrial membrane

32
Q

What are the rate determining enzymes for cellular respiration?

A

phosphofructokinasae-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase

Dental Biochemistry Exam 1 (10 decks)

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