Cell Biology-topic 1

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Animal or plant cells

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Bacteria, smaller and more simple cells

Question 3

What are the 5 structural components of an animal cell

Answer 3

Mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 4

Function of mitochondria

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration takes place, the transfer of energy

Question 5

The function of ribosomes

Answer 5

Where proteins are made

Question 6

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 6

Holds the cell together and control what enters and leaves

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

Gel-like substance, contains enzymes, where chemical reactions happen

Question 8

Function of the nucleus

Answer 8

Contains genetic material, controls the cell

Question 9

What are the 7 structural components of a plant cell

Answer 9

Chloroplasts, cell wall, ribosomes, mitochondria, perm vacuole, cell membrane, nucleus

Question 10

The function of chloroplasts

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis happens

Question 11

Function of the cell wall

Answer 11

Made of cellulose, supports the cell

Question 12

Function of the perm vacuole

Answer 12

Contains cell sap

Question 13

What is a plasmid

Answer 13

A small ring of DNA

Question 14

How do light microscopes work

Answer 14

They use light
Allow us to see individual cells and larger sub-cellular structures

Question 15

How do electron microscopes work

Answer 15

Use electrons
Higher magnification
Higher resolution
Can see smaller cells, more detail

Question 16

What is the formula triangle for magnification

Answer 16

Image size
Magnification. X. Real size. 🔼

Question 17

Step 1 for practical for an onion cell under the microscope

Answer 17

1)add a drop of water to the middle of the slide

Question 18

Step 2 for practical for an onion cell under the microscope

Answer 18

2)use tweezers to pull off some of the EPIDERMAL TISSUE

Question 19

Step 3 for practical for an onion cell under the microscope

Answer 19

3) place the epidermal tissue on the water

Question 20

Step 4 for practical for an onion cell under the microscope

Answer 20

4)add a drop of iodine solution

Question 21

Step 5 for practical for an onion cell under the microscope

Answer 21

5)place a cover slip on top, try not to get any air bubbles

Question 22

Definition of cell differentiation

Answer 22

When a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 23

Two examples of specialised cells

Answer 23

Sperm cells and muscle cells

Question 24

How is a sperm cell specialised for its job

Answer 24

Specialised for reproduction
Streamline head and long tail to help it swim to the egg
Has a lot of mitochondria for energy

Question 25

How is a muscle cell specialised for its job

Answer 25

Specialised for contraction Long cell so there is space to contract Lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 26

Definition of diffusion

Answer 26

The spreading out of particles from an area of high conc to low conc

Question 27

Where does diffusion happen

Answer 27

Liquids and gases

Question 28

Example of diffusion

Answer 28

Perfume in air

Question 29

What is the concentration gradient

Answer 29

Difference in concentration

Question 30

What happens to the rate of diffusion if the conc gradient is larger

Answer 30

The diffusion rate is quicker

Question 31

How does diffusion work in the cell membrane

Answer 31

Dissolved substances move in and out of cells thru diffusion Only small molecules can like glucose, amino acids and water The larger SA, the faster rate of diffusion

Question 32

Definition of osmosis

Answer 32

Movement of water molecules across a PARTIALLY PERMEABLE membrane from higher water conc to low water conc

Question 33

What kind of movement is osmosis

Answer 33

A passive moment

Question 34

1st step of the osmosis practical

Answer 34

1)cut potato cylinders, put them in water and other solutions with diff lvls of sugar conc

Question 35

Step 2 of osmosis practical

Answer 35

2)leave for 24hrs and take them out

Question 36

Step 3 of osmosis practical

Answer 36

If the mass of the practical has increased, that means the osmosis has been drawn in

Question 37

Step 4 of osmosis practical

Answer 37

Calculate percentage change in mass, plot graph

Question 38

Dependent variable in the osmosis practical

Answer 38

The mass of potato chip

Question 39

Independent variable in the osmosis practical

Answer 39

The concentration of the sugar solution

Question 40

What is active transport

Answer 40

When a substance is absorbed against the conc gradient, from low—->high

Question 41

Two places where active transport takes place?

Answer 41

Root hair cells and the gut

Question 42

How does active transport work in root hair cells

Answer 42

The hairs give the root a large SA to absorb mineral ions from soil Plant absorbs minerals from v dilute solution, against conc gradient Needs energy from respiration

Question 43

How does active transport work in the gut

Answer 43

Used when there is low conc of nutrients in the gut but high conc in the blood Glucose taken into bloodstream Transported to cells and used for respiration

Question 44

What is exchanging substances to do with

Answer 44

How easy stuff moves between an organism and the environment

Question 45

What does exchanging substances depend on

Answer 45

The Surface Area:Volume ratio

Question 46

What is the ratio of volume to SA for a larger organism

Answer 46

Smaller SA: larger V

Question 47

How are exchange surfaces adapted

Answer 47

-thin membrane, only has a short distance to diffuse -larger SA -lots of blood vessels so the blood moves in and out -ventilated so air moves in and out