Cell biology Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A type of cell found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists with a nucleus and specialized organelles
What is the function of mitochondria?
Known as cell powerhouses, they generate energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes and synthesises proteins; smooth ER handles lipid synthesis and detoxification
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Perform photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy (found in plant cells)
How do plant and animal vacuoles differ?
Plant cells have one large central vacuole for storage; animal cells have smaller vacuoles
What is the plasma membrane?
A semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that controls substance movement in/out of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contain enzymes for breaking down waste and cellular debris
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of protein filaments providing structural support and enabling cell movement
Where are ribosomes found?
In the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER
What is cytoplasm?
The gel-like substance where organelles are suspended and biochemical reactions occur
What is unique about plant cells?
They contain chloroplasts, large central vacuole, and rigid cell wall
What characterises animal cells?
They have lysosomes, centrioles, and small vacuoles
How are fungal cells different from plant cells?
They are similar but lack chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA and controls cell activities by regulating gene expression
