Cell Biology

Question 1

What are all living things made of?

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 3

What are the different parts of a cell called all together?

Answer 3

Subcellular structures

Question 4

Explain what nucleus does:

Answer 4

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

Explain what cytoplasm does:

Answer 5

gel -like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place (contains enzymes)

Question 6

Explain what cell-membrane does:

Answer 6

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 7

Explain what Mitochondria does:

Answer 7

Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place

Question 8

What does respiration do?

Answer 8

Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work

Question 9

Explain what Ribosomes do:

Answer 9

Where proteins are made in the cell

Question 10

Explain what cell walls do:

Answer 10

Supports the cell and strengthens it (its also made of cellulose

Question 11

Explain what a permanent vacuole does:

Answer 11

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 12

Explain what chloroplasts do:

Answer 12

Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant (they contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis)

Question 13

What are Plants and Animal cells ( Prokaryotic cells or Eukaryotic cells)

Answer 13

Eukaryotic

Question 14

What are Bacterial cells (Prokaryotic cells or Eukaryotic cells)

Answer 14

Prokaryotic

Question 15

What are plasmids?

Answer 15

Small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells

Question 16

What is the formula to calculate the magnification of an image?

Answer 16

Magnification= image size
/ real size

Question 17

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 17

Process where a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 18

What happens to the cell in cell differentiation?

Answer 18

They develop different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out specific functions

Question 19

Cells that differentiate in mature animals are mainly used for what?

Answer 19

Repairing and Replacing cells (e.g. skin or blood cells)

Question 20

What are undifferentiated cells called?

Answer 20

Stem cells

Question 21

What are sperm cells specialised for?

Answer 21

Reproduction

Question 22

what the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 22

get male DNA to the female DNA

Question 23

What do sperm cells have that help it swim?

Answer 23

a long tail, a streamlined head, has lots of mitochondria to provide energy

Question 24

What are Nerve cells specialised for?

Answer 24

Rapid signalling

Question 25

What the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 25

carry electrical signals form one part of the body to another

Question 26

How do nerve cells create a network throughout the body?

Answer 26

They have branched connections that they at their ends to connect to other nerve cells

Question 27

What are muscle cells specialised for?

Answer 27

Contraction

Question 28

What the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 28

to contract quickly

Question 29

What are root hair cells specialised for?

Answer 29

Absorbing water and Minerals

Question 30

what is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 30

Gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 31

What are Phloem and Xylem cells specialised for?

Answer 31

Transporting substances

Question 32

What's the function of Phloem and Xylem cells?

Answer 32

to transport substances such as food and water around plants

Question 33

What allows Phloem and Xylem cells to have substances flowing through them?

Answer 33

Xylem cells are hollow and Phloem cells have very few subcellular structures

Question 34

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 34

Genetic material in the form of chromosomes

Question 35

What does each chromosome carry?

Answer 35

A large number of genes

Question 36

What is mitosis?

Answer 36

The stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides

Question 37

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Answer 37

in early human embryos

Question 38

Where are stem cells found in plants?

Answer 38

in the meristems

Question 39

Stem cells can be used to produce what?

Answer 39

Clones

Question 40

What's diffusion?

Answer 40

It's the movement of particles from places where there are lots of them to places where there are fewer of them (higher concentration to lower concentration)

Question 41

What happens when there is a bigger concentration gradient (difference in concentration)

Answer 41

The diffusion rate is faster

Question 42

What do the molecules need to be like for them to diffuse through cell membrane

Answer 42

Very small

Question 43

What are the 4 things that diffuse through the membrane?

Answer 43

Oxygen glucose amino acids water

Question 44

What happens if there is a larger surface area of the cell membrane?

Answer 44

The diffusion rate is faster because more particles can pass through at once

Question 45

What temperature makes the diffusion happen faster?

Answer 45

Higher temperature

Question 46

What is osmosis?

Answer 46

the movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 47

What's a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 47

A membrane with very small holes in it

Question 48

What do the water particles do in osmosis?

Answer 48

act like they're trying to "even up" the concentration