Cell Biology

Question 1

What are all living things made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

How can cells reproduce?

Answer 2

Dividing

Question 3

Each cell can…

Answer 3

make things it needs, use energy, and make copies of itself

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

A set of instructions telling the cell what to do

Question 5

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 6

What’s and organelle?

Answer 6

something inside a cell that has one or more specific jobs to perform inside the cell

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells:

Answer 7

> Simpler and smaller
No nucleus (genetic material floats freely)
Found in bacteria and archaea

Question 8

Eukaryotic cells:

Answer 8

> More complex and larger
Have a nucleus (genetic material enclosed)
Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Question 9

What are organelles?

Answer 9

Little organs inside the cell

Question 10

What are Vacuoles?

Answer 10

A membrane-bound cell organelle that is small and help take away waste products. These are small and temporary. In animals, they are commonly used to store or transport substances.

Question 11

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 11

A liquid that fills the inside of a cell, and holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage. It’s also a jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 12

What is nuclear membrane?

Answer 12

A double layer that acts as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 13

What is Cell membrane?

Answer 13

The outside layer of a cell that provides protection for a cell and to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell - it basically controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 14

What is nucleus?

Answer 14

The middle part of a cell that contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 15

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 15

The part of the cell that produces energy necessary for the cells survival and functioning. It’s organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

Question 16

What is cell specialization?

Answer 16

Also known as cell differentiation, its the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 19

Permanent vacuole

Answer 19

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell big and swollen.

Question 20

Cell wall

Answer 20

Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.

Question 21

Cells of bacteria are called:

Answer 21

prokaryotic cells

Question 22

Cells of animals, plants and fungi are called:

Answer 22

eukaryotic cells

Question 23

Type of cell division for eukaryotic cells:

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

Type of cell division for prokaryotic cells:

Answer 24

Binary Fission

Question 25

Cell contents of eukaryotic cells:

Answer 25

Cytoplasm, cell organelles include mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants and ribosomes

Question 26

Cell contents of prokaryotic cells:

Answer 26

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, no mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 27

What happens once a cell becomes differentiated?

Answer 27

it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell.

Question 28

The differentiated cells often lose what?

Answer 28

the ability to make new copies of themselves.

Question 29

What unspecialised cells called?

Answer 29

Stem cells