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Biology > Inheritance, Variation and Evolution > Flashcards

Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

long molecules of DNA

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2
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

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3
Q

what is DNA?

A

the chemical that all genetic material in a cell is made up from

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4
Q

what does DNA do?

A

contains coded information - instructions to put an organism together and make it work

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5
Q

what does you DNA determine?

A

what inherited characteristics you have

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6
Q

where is DNA held in a plant and animal cell

A

In the Nucleus

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7
Q

DNA is a polymer. What’s a polymer?

A

large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers

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8
Q

What shape is DNA in?

A

two stands of DNA coiled up in the shape of a Double Helix

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9
Q

What’s a gene?

A

a small section of DNA found on a chromosome

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10
Q

What’s a genome?

A

the entire set of genetic material in an organsim

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11
Q

Each gamete contains how many chromosomes?

A

23 chromosomes

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12
Q

how many chromosomes does a normal cell contain?

A

23 pairs
46 in total

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13
Q

the chromosomes in egg cells and sperm cells fuse together so that the offspring has…

A

46 chromosomes

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14
Q

what creates variation in offspring?

A

a mixture of genetic information

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15
Q

How are gametes produced?

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

what type of cell division happens in asexual reproduction?

A

Mitosis

17
Q

What does Meiosis produce?

A

cells with half the normal number of chromosomes

18
Q

In Meiosis wat does the cell do before it starts to divide?

A

duplicates its genetic information and forms two armed chromosomes

19
Q

In the first division on Meiosis what happens?

A

the chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell
and are now pulled apart

20
Q

In the second division on Meiosis what happens?

A

The chromosomes line up again in the centre of the cell. The arms of the chromosomes are now pulled part

21
Q

What controls weather your male or female?

A

chromosomes

22
Q

out of 23 pairs the 23rd pair does what?

A

decides your gender and is labelled either xx or xy

23
Q

what combination of chromosomes does a male have?

A

XY

24
Q

what combination of chromosomes does a female have?

A

XX

25
Q

what’s a genetic diagram?

A

models that are used to show all the possible genetic outcomes

26
Q

What’s an allele?

A

An alternate version of a gene

27
Q

What’s a gene bank?

A

A store of genetic samples

28
Q

what are the four gene banks?

A
  • seed bank
  • tissue bank
  • cryo bank
  • pollen bank
29
Q

What is evelution?

A

A change in species over time

Biology (5 decks)

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